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    Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language?

    In a recent Wall Street Journal article, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that, within a decade or so, we'll be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones. That's because technological progress is extremely rapid. It's only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they're wondering if their kids should even learn a second language.

    It's true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating “No es bueno dormir mucho” as “It's not good to sleep too much.” Replacing a word with its equivalent (同义词) in the target language is actually the “easy part” of a translator's job. But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers.

    It's so difficult for computers because translation doesn't—or shouldn't—involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it's about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time.

Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situation, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.

    Therefore, we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better? Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place.

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命系悬壶①

陈源斌

    姚五先生是我家乡古镇上的世传名医。他的名字竟然可以治病。邻居家小孩突发急痧,整夜惊叫抽搐,大人捋着头发哄他说:“好孩子,别怕,请姚五先生去了。”捋着捋着,啼哭声变小,孩子气息匀细,睡熟了。有个半大少年,暑天贪吃生食,又喝凉水,不一会发作起来,抱着肚子在地下打滚,一口气吸进去,憋得脸色乌青,连眼睛都倒起来了。这时候,有人喊说:“好了,好了,姚五先生来了。”其实才远远看到姚五先生的影子,走到跟前还得好一会儿呢。地下的病人却把一口气痛痛快快吐出来,觉得肚子好受多了。

    关于姚五先生的传说很多:说他某年路过某地,听见一户人家嚎啕哭丧,进屋看时,人已经断了气,穿好送终的寿衣寿裤,躺在草铺上了。姚五先生说有救,熬了一罐药,撬开牙关,灌将进去,草铺上的人立刻还了魂;又说他某年途中撞见一群披麻戴孝抬棺人,他朝滴在地下的血迹看看,又凑到跟前嗅了嗅,赶紧开棺急救。原来是位难产的孕妇,幸得姚五先生救治,母子双双侥幸活了命……这些故事都不新鲜,显然是从一些旧书和传闻那里,移植过来的。姚五先生听了,总是不置可否,一笑了之。

    传来传去,姚五先生就被神化了。说他不但能让死人活,也能让活人死。这话是当着姚五先生的面说的。他跟往常一样懒得理睬,只管凝神替面前的病人诊治。这句话却惹出了一个意外灾祸:有一个青年高高骑在墙头上看热闹,手里捧了一罐南瓜稀粥,喝了个底朝天,肚子胀得像只鼓。那青年听见这句话,很不服气,抓着喝空了的罐子,“啪”地一声跳到地下,说我就不信,我一个大活人,他真有本事,敢不敢让我马上就死?”姚五先生抬头看看他,脸色陡变,让人赶紧找青年的家长,准备后事。果然如此,没等家长赶到,青年已经瘫软死去——事后,姚五先生解释说,青年喝了一肚子稀粥,从那么高的墙头猛跳到地上,硬把肚肠挣断,又因地处偏僻乡下,来不及救治,可惜这条性命了。

    姚五先生体恤民情,替人治好病,或是救了一条命,视人家的家境,酌收诊费。遇到乡下普通老百姓,他把手挥挥,说,算了,你要真过意不去,闲暇时送几只斑鸪鸪来吧。斑鸪鸪是一种乡下常见的鸟,喜好在野地里用脚爪刨挖单叶芽果吃,随手就捉得到,不算什么难事。姚五先生嗜好这种野味。他饮食十分挑剔,从来不在外面吃饭。有时候下乡到人家忙活一天,连口水都不喝,照样挥挥手,走了。多少人被他感动了,望着他的背影,为他祈祷,说:“好人哪,但愿他长命百岁!”

    姚五先生只活到五十岁。他患的是当地俗称的膈食病,就是不能吃饭——得过他恩惠的乡下人说,姚五先生怕是斑鸪鸪吃多了。斑鸪鸪喜欢刨吃野地里有毒的单叶芽果,这种野鸟身上积存了毒素,人偶尔尝个新鲜是可以的,吃多了,就会有大妨碍。姚五先生一辈子替太多的普通百姓看过病,吃了太多的人家送来的斑鸪鸪,日积月累,中了重毒了——姚五先生是治膈食病的圣手,有一个祖传单方,远远近近,好多患这种病的人,都是由他治愈的。他按祖传单方给自己抓了药,煎好,一口气喝下肚里,却一点不剩地吐了。再舀一碗,硬灌下去,泼剌一声亮响,全部喷射出来。很明显这是药不对症,姚五先生把头摇摇,叹了一口气,说:“命系悬壶,治得了病,治不了命。”他一天天瘦下去,瘦下去,瘦成了一根芦柴似的,只剩了一口气在胸腔里悠悠转着。接着,这口气断了,他死了。

【注】①汉代以后,民间药铺或诊所门口大都挂一个药葫芦即“悬壶”,以此作为卖药行医的标志。题目及文中的“悬壶”即为“行医”之意。