One day an old man is selling a big elephant. A young man comes to the elephant and begins to look at it slowly. The old man goes up to him and says in his ear, “Don't say anything about the elephant before I sell it. Then I will give you twenty dollars.” “All right,” says the young man. After the old man sells the elephant, he gives the young man twenty dollars and says, “Now, can you tell me how you found the elephant's bad ears?” “I didn't find the bad ears,” says the young man. “Then why are you looking at the elephant slowly?” asked the old man. The young man answers, “Because I have never seen an elephant before, and I want to know what it looks like.”

“苟无事迹，虽圣人不能作《春秋》，苟不知其事迹，虽以圣人读《春秋》，不知所以褒贬。”《四库全书总目》中这段话体现的史学原则是（     ）①秉笔直书   ②言必有据   ③论从史出   ④以小见大