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                                                                                         不可缠绕的心灵 

                                                                                               曹文轩
      ①我们的天性是自由的,但我们却会因为一些僵硬的知识的束缚而失去自由。
      ②十二岁那年春天,我在田野上发现了一株很瘦弱的小树苗,便将它挖回来栽在菜园里。它一天一天地长大了,两年后就蹿成一米多高。春天来临,它的树干是亮灿灿的紫铜色。它长得结实而漂亮。再过两年,它就能挂果——我想。然而,两年后,它并没有如我所期盼的那样。我的小桃树再也没有长高,而且还显出奄奄一息的样子。记得那时我很难过。
      ③后来我终于找到了原因:我的老祖母借它为瓜架,在它的根下种了丝瓜,那些刁钻的丝瓜藤就沿着它的树干攀缘而上。若是直上也罢了,却是像锁链那样一道道地把树干箍扎起来,对它千缠百绕。我把它们全扯掉了。第二年,桃树又生机勃勃地成长起来。那年,春寒料峭,它开花了。夏天,桃子成熟了,十分可爱。
      ④如果我们也像这株桃树一样,被僵硬的知识的藤蔓所缠绕,我们就会失去创造力,失去生命的光彩,甚至会精神窒息。
      ⑤一位从事诗歌研究的朋友曾介绍过两首台湾小孩儿写的诗。诗的题目我都记不得了,诗句也已忘却,但大概意思还记得。一首诗说一群孩子去捉鱼,可是已没有什么鱼好捉了,他们自己就互相把对方作为鱼而玩起捉鱼的游戏来。在他们的欢笑声中,透出了一股悲哀。另一首诗说一个无拘无束的小孩儿光着脚丫在地板上跑起来,留下的脚印就像游动的鱼。妈妈来了,却用拖把将这些“鱼”一网打尽。这两首诗简直妙极了。我想,它们只能出自两颗未被僵硬的知识束缚的心灵。

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          George Gershwin, born in 1898, was one of America's greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.

          Many of Gershwin's songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.


          In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked, be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it. And in that short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue. Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.

          In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition(作曲)with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrot e An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics(评论家)were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life, to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works.

          George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.