欧洲西部突出的特征是（    ）

①国家众多、人口稠密  ②经济发达  ③语言相同  ④气候炎热

    We all have different ways to navigate (导航) when lost—whether asking a stranger for help, consulting an old-school map or simply following our nose. But on a bike, the risks are higher. One wrong turn or that you're in a traffic jam with two lanes between your bike and the nearest pavement may ruin your good mood. Although cyclists, of course, managed to navigate before smart phones, cyclists can make two choices: a few stay calm and embrace getting lost, and the rest turn to a navigation app.

    Google Maps added a directions function for cyclists in 2015 in the US and Canada, and two years later across Europe. And while there are dozens of other apps now offering a similar service, Google Maps has the demerits for many, so the app seems to be falling behind expectations.

    As someone with no sense of direction, I knew it wouldn't be easy when I started cycling earlier this year. I appreciated that the app gave me two warnings before I needed to turn off a road, and automatically recalculated my route if I accidentally went off course. But still, it wasn't a smooth process. Google Maps thought I could cut across a double carriageway with no breaks in its barrier, assumed I knew what it meant when it told me to “head west”, and thought nothing of taking me the wrong way down a busy one-way street.

    Cyclists don't just want safety—they want convenience. Londoner Robson Smith regularly cycles between Clap ham and the City of London and would like to see Google Maps calculate routes where his bike is allowed on public transport and more choice of the type of routes he can take. “Google tends to calculate the most common and comfortable cycle routes. It would be better to have an option which included the fastest route, regardless of comfort,” he says.

    For this reason, Robson says he uses the app Cycle Streets instead. It offers a choice of four different route modes, based on the type the user wants, and saves previous routes. It also tells you how many calories a route burns, how many traffic lights you wilt encounter, and how busy it is.

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                                                                                 “神七”技术设计揭秘
        ①在神舟飞船原有技术特点的基础上，“神舟七号”根据航天员开展太空行走以及个别技术的发展，设计上进行了多项改动，各种试验达80多项。
        ②飞船轨道舱具备气闸舱的功能。“神舟七号”飞船长9．19米，总重近8吨，仍为推进舱、返回舱、轨道舱的三舱结构。与以往不同的是，“神五”和“神六”的轨道舱仅作为航天员在太空中的生活舱，吃喝拉撒睡都在这里进行。按照计、划，“神七”飞行时，航天员将从这个舱进入太空。因此，它增加了作为气闸舱的功能。“神舟七号”飞船副总设计师潘腾解释说，其原理类似于潜水艇的闸门装置，通过泄压和复压过程实现空间环境和飞船栽人环境的过渡。
       ③泄复压设备组件安装在轨道舱前端，由5支高压气瓶和管路、阀门等组成。泄压不能过快，必须循序渐进，与此同时航天员也有一个吸氧排氮的过程。航天员在穿航天服时吸纯氧，用大概半个小时的时间来置换血液里的氮，这样再减压就安全了。与出舱过程相反，航天员从太空回到飞船内，则需要经历一个“复压”步骤——将舱内的气压从“零”恢复到一个大气压状态。“神七”飞天前，在地面做了将近百项试验，保障气闸舱性能状态比较稳定，从而确保航天员能够安全、顺利地完成出舱任务。
        ④此外，科研人员还在轨道舱的装潢上颇下工夫。每个航天员的坐椅都是量体特制，舱内色彩搭配柔和，让航天员有“家”的感觉。
        ⑤飞船有效栽荷增加。“神舟七号”飞船系统总设计师张柏楠说，从“神五”搭载一位航天员，到“神六”两名航天员，再到“神七”满载三人，这不仅仅是简单的人数增多，还意味着飞船提供的各项有效载荷的相应增加。比如携带更多的食品、水等消耗品，提高供气、供氧的流量，等等。
       ⑥更重要的是，围绕出舱活动，飞船还增加了不少新的元器件，包括泄复压设备、两套舱外航天服、数据话音传输设备以及其他舱载设备等。
       ⑦为了避免生活物品及大量仪器过多占用航天员活动空间的情况，工作人员通过计算机进行仿真设计，科学布置轨道舱的格局，将必要的设备尽量集中摆放，或装载在类似货架的格框上，提高空间使用率，将航天员活动空间保持在7立方米以上。
        ⑧飞船首次安装中继卫星终端。细心的人不难发现，与前两次载人飞行相比，飞船推进舱外部多了一个银色的小装置，这就是中继卫星的终端天线。据“神舟七号”飞船副总指挥、副总设计师秦文波介绍，我国于今年4月成功发射了首颗中继卫星“天链一号”，这颗卫星已在“神舟七号”飞行中首次应用。