阅读下列材料，回答问题。

材料一“科学技术是第一生产力”。科学技术极大地加速了经济和社会的发展，给人类创造着更舒适便捷的生活环境 。而世界近代自然科学是从中世纪的神学束缚中解放出来而发展的，并对封建教会神学产生了极大的冲击。

----《自然科学与神学》

材料二  (20世纪)30年代，原子物理学发展迅速。……获得原子能的理论准备虽然是在欧洲完成的，但在技术上获得和利用原子能却是在美国首先实现的。……战前欧洲大批优秀科学家移居美国，这是世界科技中心从欧洲转移到美国的一个重要原因。

----吴于廑、齐世荣《世界史·现代史编》上册

材料三  爱因斯坦坚信对希特勒只有用暴力才能遏制，于是他写信给当时的美国总统罗斯福，向他通报核裂变的能力。……美国1945年秋天用两颗原子弹轰炸了日本广岛和长崎，从而结束了世界大战。……爱因斯坦并没有参与开发核武器，当他听到核弹轰炸广岛的消息时，他沮丧地说：“呜呼，哀哉。”他在晚年致力于反对原子武器。

 —----《世界上下五千年》

回答：

生态系统是一个统一的整体，其中各种生物都发挥着重要作用，请你据图回答下列问题。

    We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away polluting oceans, killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up to 1,000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution.

    The 16-year-old Canadian high school student, Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate Institute, has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(降解) in as few as 3 months, a finding that won him first prize at the Canada Wide Science Fair, a ＄10,000 prize, a ＄20,000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.

    Burd's strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by microorganisms(微生物)．If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them to work eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.

    With this goal in mind, he grounded plastic bags into a powder and concocted(调制) a solution of household chemicals, yeast(酵母) and tap water to encourage microbes growth．Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for 3 months．Finally, he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags, exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control．Sure enough, the plastic exposed(暴露) to the live bacteria was 17% lighter than the control after six weeks.

    The inputs are cheap, maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work, and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide.

    "Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me．One day, I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags．The answer: not much．So I decided to do something myself." Said Daniel Burd.