题干

阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料一  今自夷人来厦开市,凡洋货皆系夷商自行转运,闽省并无赴粤之商,粤省亦鲜闽之贾,且该夷除贩运洋货外,兼运洋布洋棉,其物充积于厦口,内地之商贩,皆在厦运入各府销变,其质既美,其价复廉,民间之买洋布洋棉者,十室而九。

                                   ——彭泽益《中国近代手工业史资料》第一卷

材料二  清政府中,一些洋务派官员提出自行设厂进行纺织的建议,以作为富国的一项措施。光绪二年(1876年),李鸿章在致两江总督沈葆桢的信中说:英国洋布入中土,每年售银三千数百万,实为耗财之大端。既已家喻户晓,无从禁制。亟宜购机器纺织,期渐收回利源。1878年,在李鸿章和沈葆桢的授意下,候补道彭汝琮在上海成立了中国近代的第一个大型的棉纺织厂。

                                                        ——上海机器织布局

材料三  1912~1919年的8年里,中国新建的厂矿企业有600多家,新增资本大约1.3亿元,超过过去半个世纪的成就。

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    People often say that the Englishman's home is his castle. They mean that the home is very important and personal to him. Most people in Britain live in houses rather than flats, and many people own their homes. This means that they can make them individual(个体的): they can paint them, and change them in any way they like. Most house have a garden, even if it is a very small one, and the garden is usually loved. The house and the garden are the private(私人的) space of the individual.

    People usually like to mark their space. Are you sitting now in your home or on a train? Have you marked the space around yourself as yours? If you are on the train you may put your coat or small bag on the seat beside you. If you share a flat you may have one corner or chair which is your own.

    Once I was travelling on a train to London. I was in a section for four people and there was a table between us. The man on the space on my side of the table didn't notice me at all. I was angry. Maybe he thought that he owned the whole table. I had read a book about non-verbal communication, so I took various papers out of my bag and put them on his briefcase! When I did this he stiffened and his eyes nearly popped(瞪出) out of his head. I had invaded(侵犯) his space! A few minutes later I took my papers off his case in order to read them. He immediately moved his case to his side of the table. Of course, it is possible that he just wanted to be helpful to me!

    If you are visiting another country you may feel that you don't have any private space. Hotel rooms look much the same in every country in the world. All day long, you share public spaces with other people. You see the local people in their private spaces and you feel lonely and "outside". Local people can create their private spaces by talking about things you don't know about. And you even feel that they like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being inside even more! This is one of the difficulties of being a traveler! But if you understand it then it helps you. Haven't you enjoyed being part of a group and "owning" a bit of space?