题干

三峡水利枢纽工程是中国规模最大的水利枢纽工程,如图所示.枢纽控制流域面积约1.0×106km2,占长江流域面积的56%,坝址所在位置年平均流量为Q=4.51×1011m3.水利枢纽的主要任务包括防洪、发电、航运三方面,在发电方面,三峡水电站共安装32台7×105kW水轮发电机组,另外还有2台5×104kW电源机组,总装机容量(指34台发电机组同时工作时的总发电功率)P=2.25×107kW,设计年发电量约W=1011kW•h.

阅读上述材料,解答下列问题(水的密度ρ=1.O×103kg/m3,取g=10N/kg):

(1)若三峡电站上、下游水位差按h=110m计算,试求三峡电站将水的势能转化为电能的效率η.

(2)若34台发电机组全部发电,要达到年发电量的要求,每台发电机组平均年发电机组平均年发电时间t为多少天?

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

解:(1)年平均流水量总重:G=mg=ρVg=1.O×103kg/m3×4.51×1011m3×10N/kg=4.51×1015N,流水年平均做的总功:W总=Gh=4.51×1015N×110m=4.961×1017J,年平均发电量:W=1011kW•h=3.6×1017J,三峡电站将水流

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