题干

计算:(﹣2017)0+3﹣ 3 +2sin60°.
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解:原式=1+3﹣ 3 +2× 32

同类题1

阅读理解

    In France, a man walks on what can only be described as a human-sized hamster wheel. The wheel moves around and around, as the man keeps walking. What is he doing? He is lifting a heavy object to the top of a tower the same way workers moved such objects 800 years ago.

    In the 13th century, workers did not have the 100-meter tall cranes they now use to build tall buildings. So they had to be creative and come up with simple machines to get their work done.

    The man on the large wheel is walking at a reasonable speed. The wheel turns and pulls a rope connected to a pulley(滑轮)at the top of the tower. Another rope tied to the pulley lifts supplies from the ground.

    This is just one way skilled craftsmen arc building a 13th-century castle without using modern tools. Crew have been working on the castle since 1997. It is being built in the Burgundy area of central France. Organizers expect the work to last another 10 to 15 years. That means it will take close to 30 years to finish the project.

    The crew are making progress at about half the speed of the workers from 800 years ago. That is because many of them are accustomed to using modern tools. When the crew use heavy chisels(凿子)and hammers to break rock, as they did hundreds of years ago, they are learning as they go. The goal of the project is to learn more about old building techniques in case they might be of use today.

    Clement Guerard, 44,is a stonemason; he cuts and builds with stone. He has been working on the tower for 17 years. He said one way he is able to work on something like this for so long is by forgetting “some of the pace of modern life", he is able to adapt to working by hand.

同类题3

阅读下面的短文,完成后面的小题。

古人的名、字、号

    名,是在社会上使用的个人的符号。自称用名,称人以字。“字”往往是“名”的解释和补充,是和“名”相表里的,所以又叫“表字”。

    古人“名”和“字”的关系有意义相同的,如:东汉创制地动仪的张衡字平子,“击鼓骂曹”的文学家祢衡字正平,他们名、字中的“衡”就是“平”;宋代诗人秦观字少游,陆游字务观,他们名、字中的“观”和“游”也是同义。

    “名”和“字”有意义相辅的,如:东汉“举案齐眉”的文学家梁鸿字伯鸾,“鸿”、“鸾”都是为人称道的两种飞禽;唐代诗人白居易字乐天,因“乐天”故能“居易”;宋代作家晁补之字无咎(“咎”是过错),因能“补”过才能“无咎”。

    “名”和“字”有意义相反的,如:宋代理学家朱熹字元晦,元代书画家赵孟頫字子昂。他们“名”、“字”中的“熹”与“晦”、“頫(俯)”与“昂”都是反义。

    古人的“名”、“字”往往取自古书典,如:曹操字孟德,《荀子》有“夫是之谓德操”句。唐代文学家陆羽(著有《茶经》,后世尊为“茶圣”)字鸿渐,是取自《周易》“鸿渐于陆,其羽可用为仪”。

    古人的“名”、“字”还常用来表示在家族中的行辈。先秦时,常在名、姓前加伯(孟)、仲、叔、季表兄弟长幼,如伯夷、叔齐,伯是兄,叔是弟;孔丘字仲尼,“仲”就是老二。汉代以后逐渐在“名”或“字”中用同样的字或偏旁表同辈关系,如宋代文学家苏轼、苏辙兄弟共用偏旁“车”表同辈。

    除了名、字,有些古人还有号。“号”是一种固定的别名,又称别号。封建社会的中上层人物(特别是文人)往往以住地和志趣等为自己取号(包括斋名、室名等)。如唐代李白的青莲居士、杜甫的少陵野老、宋代苏轼的东坡居士、明代唐寅的六如居士、清代郑燮的板桥等,都是后人熟知的;有些别号的使用率甚至超过本名(如苏东坡、郑板桥等)。别号是使用者本人起的,不像姓名可能受家族、行辈的限制,因而可以自由地抒发或标榜使用者的某种情操。别号中常见的“居士”、“山人”之类就是为了表示使用者鄙视利禄的志趣。有以号明志的,如宋周敦颐称濂川先生,明归有光称震川先生,王夫之称船山先生等。还有在死后由门人、后人上的尊号(“私谥”),如晋代陶潜的靖节等。谥号,即死后由皇帝颁赐的荣称。如宋包拯称包孝肃,岳飞称岳武穆,清纪昀称纪文达等。另外还有“绰号”,这大都是他人所取而得到公认的别号,是对人的刻画和形容。如《水浒》里梁山上一百零八人个个都有绰号,大都准确地描摹了人物性格、特长或生理特点,这些绰号作为姓名的代称,更是人们所熟知的。

    除了上述的字、号之外,历史上常常用来代替个人姓名的还有地名、官爵名和室名(或斋名、轩名)。如东汉孔融称为孔北海,唐代韩愈称为韩昌黎,柳宗元称为柳河东或柳柳州,宋代苏辙称为苏栾城等。以地名称人在封建时代是表尊敬,叫做称“地望”。东汉发出“穷当益坚、老当益壮”豪言的马援称马伏波(曾任伏波将军),投笔从戒的班超称班定远(曾封定远侯),三国嵇康称嵇中散(曾任中散大夫),唐代杜甫称杜工部、杜拾遗(曾任工部员外郎、左拾遗)等。这些命名是取自官衔。还有取自室名或轩名的,如王夫之号姜斋、辛弃疾的号稼轩(姜斋、稼轩都是室名);北宋诗人苏舜钦,流寓苏州,筑沧浪亭,自号沧浪翁,取自亭轩名。