Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students “soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future.

    Once a program called Fast Track was started in the early 1990s for more than 7,600 children of 55 schools in America. They were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems. The students were randomly divided into two groups; half took part in the intervention, which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through 10th grade, reduced delinquency(少年犯罪), arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood.

    In another latest study, by looking at the data from nearly 900 students in previous findings, researchers found that about a third of the influence on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.

    The academic skills, or hard skills like learning of physics, which were taught as part of Fast Track, turned out to have less of an influence on crime and delinquency rates than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional(情绪的) intelligence. Soft skills might include teaching kids to work cooperatively in a group or teaching them how to think about the long-term consequences when they make a decision.

    Researchers drew the conclusion that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children as should education policymakers. To the extent we can improve those skills, we can improve outcomes in delinquency.

春天是一点儿一点儿化开的

迟子建

    ①立春的那天，我在电视中看到，杭州西子湖畔的梅花开了。粉红的、雪白的梅花，在我眼里就是一颗颗爆竹，噼啪噼啪地引爆了春天。

    ②而我这里，北纬五十度的地方，立春之时，却还是零下三十摄氏度的严寒。早晨，迎接我的是一夜寒流、冷月和凝结在玻璃窗上的霜花。想必霜花也知道节气变化了吧，这天的霜花不似往日的，总是树的形态。立春的霜花团团簇簇的，很有点儿花园的气象。你能从中看出喇叭形的百合花来，也能看出重瓣的玫瑰和单瓣的矢车菊来。不要以为这样的花儿，一定是银白色的，一旦太阳从山峦中升起来，印着霜花的玻璃窗，就像魔镜一样，散发出奇异的光辉了。初升的太阳先是把一抹嫣红投给它；接着，嫣红变成橘黄，霜花仿佛被蜜浸透了，让人怀疑蜜蜂看上了这片霜花，把它们辛勤的酿造，洒向这里了；再后来，太阳升得高了，橘黄变成了鹅黄，霜花的颜色就一层层地淡下去、浅下去，成了雪白的了，它们离凋零的时辰也就不远了。

    ③虽然季节的时针已指向春天了，可在北方，霜花却还像与主子有了感情的家奴似的，赶也赶不走。什么时候打发了它们，大地才会复苏。四月初，屋顶的积雪开始消融，屋檐在白昼滴水了，霜花终于熬不住了，撒脚走了。它这一去也不是不回头，逢到寒夜，它又来了。不过来得不是轰轰烈烈的，而是闪闪烁烁地隐现在窗子的边缘，看上去像是一枝枝叶稀疏的梅。四月底，屋顶的雪化净了，林间的积雪也逐渐消融的时候，霜花才彻底丢了魂儿。

    ④在大兴安岭，最早的春色出现在向阳山坡。嫩绿的草芽像绣花针一样顶破丰厚的腐殖土，要以它的妙手，给大地绣出生机时，背阴山坡往往还有残雪呢。这样的残雪，还妄想着做冬的巢穴。然而随着冰河乍裂，达子香花开了，背阴山坡也绿意盈盈了，残雪也就没脸再赖着了。山前山后，山左山右，是透着清香的树、烂漫的山花和飞起飞落的鸟儿。那蜿蜒在林间的一道道春水，被暖风吹拂得起了鱼苗似的波痕。投在水面的阳光，便也跟着起了波痕，好像阳光在水面打起蝴蝶结了。

    ⑤我爱这迟来的春天。因为这样的春天不是依节气而来的，它是靠着自身顽强的拼争，逐渐摆脱冰雪的桎梏，曲曲折折地接近温暖。也就是说，北国的春天，是一点儿一点儿化开的。它从三月化到四月甚至五月，沉着果敢，心无旁骛，直到把冰与雪安葬到泥土深处，然后让它们的精魂，又化作自己根芽萌发的雨露。

    ⑥春天在一点儿一点儿化开的过程中，一天天地羽翼丰满起来了。待它可以展翅高飞的时候，解冻后的大地，又怎能不做了春天的天空呢！

（摘自《北京日报》，有删改）