器物能穿越时空的阻隔解读不同时代人类的生活面面。在被遗弃的废品中，人类与垃圾之间有着相对固定的关联模式，甚至能追溯到人类群体的特质及其行为习惯。通过分析古人的垃圾并从中获取他们的社会关系与行为习惯，最终将这些文明碎片拼凑出一张社会历史图景，垃圾考古学便由此诞生。这说明（）

①实践活动具有社会历史性特征 

②事物的变化发展总有规律可循 

③人的认识能够影响物质的属性 

④科学研究活动具有主动创造性

A

    I love to go biking! Two years ago I bought an exercise bike(健身脚踏车)．But soon I got bored with being at home, so I bought a used bike and started going for short rides．Now I plan day trips in my neighborhood．When you drive a car, you miss many things．It's surprising how much more you can see when you're biking．

    —Maggie

    My favorite thing to do on the weekend is to go to the beach．The beach is beautiful all through the year．I usually drive there．If the weather is cold；I wear some warm clothes and go for long walks on the beach．When the weather is hot，I enjoy swimming or lust lying in the sun.

一Barbara

    On the weekend I like to read books．If the weather is nice．I'll take a good book to the park and stay there reading for hours．I think there's nothing as enjoyable as reading a good book．

    一Bill

    Weekends are for going hiking(徒步旅行)with my parents．We live near some beautiful mountains．Sometimes we camp out at night．We really enjoy cooking dinner over a campfire and spending a night under the stars!

    一Sara

    How do animals communicate (交流) with each other? They have special “languages”. In fact, they are using signals (信号). Different signals have different meanings.

    For example, when a bee (蜜蜂) finds food somewhere, it flies home quickly. It can't speak, but it can tell others by dancing. Other bees will know where and how far the food is.

    Some animals show their feelings by making sounds. For example, when a dog is angry, it barks (吠). At this time, you'd better stay away from it. Birds can make several sounds to show different meanings. Sometimes we humans show feelings by making sounds instead of by speaking. For example, when we feel painful (疼痛的), we cry“Oh!”or“Ouch!”.

    We humans have languages and words. We can communicate face to face by speaking. We can write down what happened in order to remember clearly. We can also send (寄) messages to people far away. But animals can't. 

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