题干

在“探究加速度与物体质量.物体受力的关系”实验中:

实验装置如图1所示:一木块放在水平长木板上,左侧拴有一不可伸长的细软线,跨过固定在木板边缘的滑轮与一重物相连.木块右侧与穿过打点计时器的纸带相连,在重物牵引下,木块在木板上向左做匀加速运动.重物的质量为M,木块质量为m.

①如图2①所示,是甲同学用以上装置,通过打点计时器在纸带上打出的一些连续的点,它们之间的距离分别为S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6,打点计时器所用交流电周期为T,根据给以上数据求:木块的加速度a=____

②乙同学用同一套装置,根据测量数据画出了如图2②所示的a﹣F图线,原因可能是:____

③丙、丁两位同学用同一套装置,画出了各自得到的a﹣F图线如图2③所示,说明这两个同学做实验时的哪一个物理量取值不同?____,并比较其大小:____用的较大(填“丙”或者“丁”)

④当M和m的大小关系满足____时,才可以认为绳子对木块的拉力等于重物的重力.

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    The Leaning Tower of Pisa was straight like a pole when the construction began in 1173. It started to shift direction soon after construction because of poor foundation in addition to the loose layer of subsoil(底土). At the beginning, it leaned to the southeast before the shaky foundation started to shift leaning towards the southwest. After the period of structural strengthening at the beginning of the 21st century, now the Leaning Tower of Pisa leans at an angle of 3.97 degrees.

    In 1178, the shift in direction was observed for the first time when the construction had progressed further to the third floor. The tower was heavy for the three-meter foundation that was built on a weak area of land.

    For compensating(补偿) the leaning position, the builders started to construct the upper floors with one side higher than the other one. This caused the tower to lean in the other direction. This unusual structure led to the tower being actually curved. In spite of these efforts, the tower kept on leaning.

    The government of Italy started to plan prevention of the complete collapse of the tower in 1964. However, a request was put forward by the authorities to keep the leaning position because of the tourism industry of the region.

    After nearly two decades of careful planning by engineers, historians and mathematicians, the stabilization efforts for the Leaning Tower of Pisa started in 1990. The tower was closed for the general public and the people living nearby moved away. For reducing the total weight of the tower, its seven bells which represented the seven musical notes were removed. The tower was reopened for the general public on December 15, 2001.

    In May 2008, after removing another 70 metric tons of earth, the engineers announced that the tower had been finally stabilized and it would remain stable for at least 200 years.