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同类题1

阅读下面的材料,完成小题。

【材料一】中国古代的藏书楼是收藏图书、文献和档案典籍的地方,也就是图书馆。

古代的藏书楼在选址上大都倾向于找个“风水宝地”。如清朝乾隆年间编修的《四库全书》,7个抄本分别藏在“北四阁”和“南三阁”。“北四阁”分别是北京紫禁城皇宫的文渊阁、京郊圆明园的文源阁、奉天故宫(今沈阳)的文溯阁、承德避暑山庄的文津阁。“南三阁”是镇江金山寺的文宗阁、扬州大观堂的文汇阁、杭州西湖行宫孤山的文澜阁。这些藏书楼都建在环境优美之地,像杭州的文澜阁,就选址在杭州风景最美的地方。

    给藏书楼取名是很重要的一件事。不少藏书家在楼名中寄托情感、志趣。如清朝藏书家孙衣言的藏书处名为“玉海楼”,寓意藏书“如玉之珍贵,若海之浩瀚”;明末时的藏书家江元祚(zuò),隐居于钱塘,筑草堂于西溪横山堂上,建藏书楼名为“拥书楼”,被赞为“拥书万卷,连屋充栋”。另外,“传经堂”“好古堂”等名称,也同样表达了对经书典籍的尊崇之意。也有许多藏书楼的名称是源自典故的。比如建于明朝中期的“天一阁”,其名取自《易经注》中“天一生水,地六成之”。

    古代的藏书楼在功能设计上也是非常考究的。因为藏书楼主要是用来存放和阅览图书的,所以在建造时,首先要考虑建筑规模必须与所藏图书数量相吻合,要有足够大的存储空间;其二藏书楼不是单纯存放图书的仓库,也是一个读书治学的地方,所以一般都在内部设计了供人阅读的空间,并且要考虑取书、看书的方便性。这种藏书与读书分开的建筑格局,对于保护图书是很科学的。此外,在设计藏书楼时,还必须考虑防火、防潮、防蛀、防盗等功能。

    藏书楼还十分注意周围小环境的建设,通过对藏书楼周围小环境的人工修饰和设计,使之与藏书楼的整体达到协调一致乃至增色的目的。特别是明清时期,建造园林式藏书楼非常普遍,当时的藏书楼建筑既是技术,又是艺术,融科技文化和审美文化于一体,极富特色。

    我国古代的藏书楼不仅收集、保存了丰富的文献典籍,而且也整理传播了博大精深的中华文化,体现出中华民族源远流长的文化性格和文化精神。

【材料二】中国古代特别重视藏书的保存和保护工作,这一点在藏书楼的设计中体现十分鲜明。如明代义乌人虞守愚的藏书楼选址于背山临水之处,引水为池,以小舟为渡。楼上长窗绕环,藏书万卷;楼下,明堂宽敞,读书著述于此。又如中国近代“嘉业堂”藏书楼,一楼房间皆用烧制的青砖铺地,青砖之下用瓦钵铺垫,瓦钵下面再铺细沙,使得藏书楼的地面比周围高30厘米;藏书楼一楼底层高4-5米,面向天井的库房全部装有落地长窗,通风、采光、隔热效果都很好。“嘉业堂”内的书籍全部存放于楠木书橱、书箱和书匣中,匣内复衬甲板,十分考究。

同类题2

任务型阅读

    Do you know what a big dream is? Does a big dream show one's future? Or, is a big dream something that provides only entertainment? Children dream big dreams, but there are three barriers to realizing dreams____

The self

    Immediately following the birth of a big dream, a negative self-talk takes over and gives all the reasons why it cannot happen. This voice inside of people is the ego(自我).It's there for protecting and should be listened to. Sometimes it is right, but more often it is wrong____ That's why only a handful of people make their dream come true

Family and friends

    Family and friends are a lot the ego.____ so they will often list all the reasons why the big dreams won't come true. Sometimes, family and friends destroy dreams of those they love most, out of their own fear of those left behind.

____

    If one gets past the first two barriers, one has to face the world. It is the last and the most terrible barrier. In the past, big dreamers were locked up and sometimes even killed when they were shown to the world. Fortunately, in most of the world today, big dreamers just get laughed at ____When children feel confident and then try their best, they will be ready to accept any failure. The truth is that every great dreamer whose dreams have never seen the light of success knows failure well. They simply fail until they succeed

A. The world

B. The future

C. Most people are influenced by it

D. They want to protect those they love

E. And their big dream is to be a rock star or a famous artist

F. They often kill them before they ever have a chance to grow

G. The way to realize a big dream is with confidence and action