题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料:“民族主义作为一种社会思潮和意识形态运动,它包含了对民族的理性认知,也蕴含了巨大的非理性的情感表达”。它往往从本民族的认同、归属和利益出发,充分肯定本民族的文化传统和价值观念,排斥或否定其他民族的利益。因此民族主义呈现出两面性,一方面它具有反对民族歧视、争取民族独立、维护民族利益的理性情感,而另一方面它的非理性即自私、狭隘、利己和排他性却盘根错节于民族主义的肌体。这种二律背反,使得民族主义在国际格局中的演变中始终起着“双刃剑”的作用。

——刘玉华《论民族主义对国际格局的影响》

解读材料,提炼出一个观点,并结合中外相关史实加以论述。(要求:写出观点,观点合理、明确,史论结合)

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

参考示例一:论点:民族主义具有理性情感的表达。

论证:在西方,民族主义产生初期,在各国反封建、反教会,结束分裂割据的局面,建立民族国家的过程中,产生了重要作用,推动了现代意义上的英、法、意等国的建立。

近代中国,随着民族危机的不断加深及中国知识分子的努力,中国民众逐渐觉醒。抗日战争时期,各民族团结一致,组成抗日民族统一战线,赢得了抗日战争的伟大胜利。

结论:民族主义在反对民族歧视、争取民族独立、维护民族利益等方面起着重要的推动作用。

参考示例二:论点:

同类题2

阅读理解

    Many of the world's famous cities are known by some special names. Paris is known as the "City of Light". Hong Kong is the "Wall Street of Asia". One small city in Pennsylvania may be the sweetest place on Earth. That is town of Hershey, which is known as the "Chocolate Town". It is named after Milton Hershey, the founder of the largest chocolate factory in the world.

    Milton Hershey built his first candy factory in the early 1900s. At the time, Hershey was developing a technique for milk chocolate. Eventually he succeeded. Hershey was also the first to produce individually wrapped chocolate bars. His factory grew and produced more and more types of chocolate. To this day, Hershey's chocolate factory is the largest in the world. Hershey used his success to give back to the community. He built a town around the factory for his employees. He gave streets fun names like Chocolate Avenue. He built schools, parks and shops. This generous man gave millions of dollars to charity. He built an amusement park with rides, trains for children and a swimming pool. Over the years, the town grew. People from near and far came to visit this special town, whose beauty and fame continue to attract lots of tourists. Every year close to three million tourists visit the Chocolate Town.

    Today visitors to the city can enjoy a variety of attractions and activities. The Hershey chocolate factory offers tours. Visitors can learn all about chocolate and how it is made. A gift shop sells all kinds of chocolate and toys made to look like chocolate. Even if you don't buy a souvenir, there is one thing that is impossible to forget: the wonderful aroma of fresh chocolate everywhere. In this special place even the streetlights are shaped like chocolate.

    Another attraction is the Hershey Hotel. It has an unusual mineral spring where guests can enjoy a variety of special treatments. The treatments all have one thing in common: chocolate.