题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料:马克思主义社会发展代价理论的基本内涵包括:人类社会的每一次进步,哪怕是极其有限的进步都必然要付出代价。社会发展代价分为必然性代价和人为性代价。必然性代价是不可避免的;人为性代价是因主观方面或人为的因素等造成的某些损失。社会发展代价的付出不应是任意的、而应被控制在科学合理的“度”内,否则就会抵消甚至湮没发展所带来的积极成果。

--摘编自牛西平《试论社会发展代价理论的历史嬗变及其现代价值》

结合材料与所学的世界史相关知识,围绕“社会进步与代价”自行拟定一个具体的论题,并就所拟论题进行简要阐述(要求:明确写出所拟论题,简述须有史实依据)。

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

评分说明:可以选取角度有社会进步必然要付出代价、在社会发展过程中尽可能减少人为性代价以换取最大的进步等。可以选取史实依据有科技发展与社会代价、资本主义世界体系的形成与社会代价、经济全球化与社会代价等。

答案示例:人类社会在科技方面取得的每一次重大进步,必然要付出一定的代价。

随着科技的进步,生产力得到不断的发展,人类社会文明也在不断的进步,但也会付出一定的代价。自科技革命以来,人类与自然的关系急剧恶化,如生态危机、资源危机、环境污染、全球气候变暖等成为人类面临的现实问题。人类

同类题5

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

    In summer, it's common on the street to see many Chinese women holding parasols1 to protect themselves from the sun.  But when Amy, an exchange student in Beijing from the US, first saw this, she found it strange, even impossible to understand.  She wrote on her blog, "Unlike Chinese women, American women like to put on their tank tops and sunglasses during summer. If you walk around an American college campus2, you will probably see girls out on the grassy fields reading, but they really hope to get a head start on their summer tan3."

    This may be caused by the different standards of beauty between the US and China. Many Americans don't want white skin. They would rather be tanned3. Amy also wrote, "Having darker skin is so popular that many women and men will pay for fake4 tans so that they can keep their sun-kissed appearance during the winter months, too."

    Why do they like tanned skin? Michelle Louis reported in her research, "The process of tanning can help make people's skin smooth and hide marks." She further explained, "Tans make people's skin appear healthier and make them appear thinner than when they have pale skin."

    Perhaps there is no real ideal standard of beauty. In different cultures and at different times of history, the standards change. On Amy's blog, she also gave two examples: Some women carried parasols around trying to keep their white skin in the US 150 years ago; During the Tang Dynasty in China, heavy women were thought attractive. But now, Chinese women prefer to be slim.

    In a word, different standards of beauty should be respected. People may grow up with only one idea of what beauty is, but it doesn't mean that it's necessarily the correct or the best idea.

New words:

①parasol n. umbrella used to protect people from the sun 阳伞

②campus n. grounds of school, college or university校园

③tan n. the brown colour of sun-kissed skin 晒成的棕褐

④become brown by the sun 晒成棕褐色,晒黑

⑤fake adj. not real 假的