题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:(英国)第一次议会改革后自由贸易问题日益突出。……工商业资产者越来越希望得到完全彻底的自由贸易,国家完全不干预,实行彻底的“自由放任”。一大批所谓“政治经济学家”为此已作了大量的舆论准备工作,其中包括亚当·斯密、大卫·李嘉图、托马斯·马尔萨斯等。

——摘编自钱乘旦主编《英国通史》

材料二:以政府开支或公共服务部门雇员人数来衡量,大多数西欧国家的公共部门发展得很迅速。但只有在法国,国家计划的理论热情才真正转化为实际事物。像英国一样,战后法国政府推行国有化,如航空运输、银行、保险公司、公用事业、矿产、军火工业、飞机制造业等领域。法国总体生产能力的1/5在1946年属国家所有。……法国的计划从未超出“指标式”:它向来只设定目标,如不制定生产配额。在这一方面,它同苏联的计划大不一样,后者的本质特点(也是主要缺陷)是坚持按部门、按商品来武断地、严格地规定产品数字。

——(美)托尼·朱特《战后欧洲史:旧欧洲的终结(1945—1953)》

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    You are invited to a large party. Loud music is playing, and lots of people are dancing. Do you dance or talk to as many people as you can call all night? Later, you cannot fall asleep—you want more conversation! Or do you prefer a quieter corner? Or perhaps you cannot wait to go home early and relax by yourself.

    Which of these people sound most like you? Person A, who tries to talk to everyone and stays late? Or Person B, who prefers to keep quiet and leaves early?

    If you said Person A, you are probably more extroverted(性格外向的). If you said Person B, you are probably more introverted(内向的). Or perhaps you are Person C and fall somewhere in the middle. Introverted and extroverted people are two commonly used words to describe a person's personality. And they are also commonly misused and misunderstood.

    Introverts may be thought as quiet, shy and timid. Extroverts may be thought as bold, confident, loud and full of energy. Introverted and extroverted people may fit those descriptions. But these same descriptions do not define(下定义)introversion and extroversion properly.

    Introverts and extroverts use their brains differently, and they get their energy differently. Introversion is the state of being mostly concerned with one's own mental life. Extroversion is the opposite. Extroversion is the state of being mostly concerned with what is outside oneself.

    People who consider themselves introverts may say they “need to be alone to charge their batteries”. However, introverts may still live being social and going to parties. But such activities require time to prepare.

    Extroverts may say, “I don't need ‘alone time', I feel more relaxed being around other people.” Even so, extroverts can still feel unsure or not confident among other people.

    So where do you fall on the introversion/ extroversion chart?