题干

一部思想解放史,就是一部互融交流的文明发展史;也是一部除旧布新的改革史;更是一部荡气回肠的革命斗争史。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:政治界虽经三次革命,而黑暗未尝稍减。其原因之小部分,则为三次革命,皆虎头蛇尾,未能充分以鲜血洗净旧污;其大部分,则为盘踞吾人精神界根深蒂固之伦理道德文学艺术诸端,莫不黑幕层张,垢污沉积。并此虎头蛇尾之革命未有焉。此单独政治革命所以于吾之社会,不生若何变化,不收若何效果也。 ---陈独秀《文学革命论》

材料二:近世西洋之道德政治,乃以自由平等独立之说为大原。与阶级制度极端相反。此东西文明之一大分水岭也。 吾人果欲于政治上采共和立宪制,复欲于伦理上保守纲常阶级制,以收新旧调和之效,自相冲撞,此绝对不可能之事。---陈独秀《吾人最后之觉悟》

材料三:由《新青年》卷起的新文化运动狂飙,猛烈地冲击了千百年来束缚中国人心智的道德、伦理观念及建构其上的政治意识,运动本身反映了近代以来先进的中国人在认识中西文化差距问题上,已经从器物、制度的层次深入到精神文化的层面,其对传统文化糟粕的批判和对西方思想的大量引入,造就了一大批具有自由观念和开放意识的青年,对于民国政治、思想和文化的发展,产生了巨大的影响。 ---张岂之《中国历史·晚清民国卷》

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    I had just arrived in this Asian country for a one-year teaching position. One day, I took the subway to visit some ancient palaces and temples in the downtown. The following account of what happened to me has taught me much about culture 1.

    Since all the 2 were taken, I stood. Suddenly, I felt someone pulling on my bag. 3 I probably was in someone's way, I moved over slightly. But in one quick motion(动作), I felt my bag removed from my back, and in a flash it was 4. I turned around to see who the thief was. I looked at the people standing behind me, but didn't see my bag or any 5. My heart sank and I began to 6.

    I glanced around the car only to find directly across from me was an elderly lady, and sitting on her lap was my 7. I tried to get it back from her lap. But as I began to 8 it up, she quickly grabbed(抓住) it back and held onto it. I looked around at the people standing beside me, and those sitting beside her, but no one took any 9 of the situation. Trying not to cause a(an) 10, I tried to negotiate through gestures. I used my hands as best as I could, but she 11 my requests for my bag and pointed to my back. She picked up my bag, showing how 12 it was. I finally began to understand. She was holding my bag to13 me.

    At the next stop, a middle-aged woman got on the crowded subway. Another elderly woman sitting down took her bag, 14 it on her lap. They didn't talk; 15 this older woman was more than pleased to sit with this stranger's bag on her lap throughout her journey.

    As the subway pulled into the main downtown station and I was getting ready to get off, the woman 16 handed me back my bag. But 17 I had a chance to thank her, she had disappeared into the crowd.

    Sadly, this considerate custom was more 18 to me than if I had been robbed. Everyone back home had heard of being robbed—that was 19 city behavior—but having a stranger hold onto someone's bag out of 20, in a city of twelve million people—that was truly unusual.