题干

按课文《景阳冈》内容填空。

①请你用四个词语概括出整个故事的情节:________________

②本文重点了武松________这两个故事情节,分别可以看出武松________的性格特点。

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喝酒,上冈,打虎,下冈,喝酒,打虎,豪爽,勇敢

同类题1

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    孔子一生以维护、恢复“周礼”为己任,他的各项政治主张都是从这一总目标出发而提出的。明“夷狄”、“诸夏”之别,就是其中之一。孔子这方面的言论虽不多,却牵涉“民族意识自觉”的大问题,对后世的影响也极为深远。

    “周礼”成为周王朝建立领主制封建国家政治机构的组织原则之后,其作为周族的典章、制度、仪节、习俗的总称的意义不仅依然存在,而且被扩大、推广到整个华夏族的势力范围。在当时,用不用“周礼”,已成为区分“夷狄”与“诸夏”的主要标志。如楚是南方大国,文化发展程度并不低于周族的姬姓各国,只因为不用“周礼”,而被“诸夏”视为“蛮夷”。齐桓公建立霸业时,还专门以“包茅不贡”为借口对楚进行讨伐。可见,“周礼”在区分“夷狄”与“诸夏”时的重要意义。由于当时在“夷狄”与“诸夏”之间还存在着严重的民族斗争,这种区分就有着十分重要的现实意义。从西周到春秋末,尽管华夏族在黄河中下游地区已居主导地位,但并未从根本上改变华夏诸国与少数民族杂处的局面,如“王畿”附近就有伊雒之戎、陆浑之戎。诸侯大国卫国在卫懿公时,和邢国一起被狄人“残破”。救卫存邢、南伐荆楚、北伐山戎,是管仲辅佐齐桓公所建立的重要霸业。所以,尽管孔子对管仲僭越违礼颇为不满,但对其“相桓公,九合诸侯,一匡天下”十分称许,说:“微管仲,吾其被发左衽矣。”孔子觉察到当时民族斗争的严重性,从维护周礼到自觉维护“诸夏”的团结统一,充分肯定管仲这方面的功绩,这说明孔子自觉地把维护民族利益作为第一位的大义,把管仲的贡献提到了“如其仁”的高度。比起“民族大义”来,管仲在其他方面的不足,在孔子看来,都是可以原谅的。这可以说是最早地体现了某种朦胧状态的民族意识的自觉,这种民族意识的自觉的继承和发扬,就成为一种民族的向心力和凝聚力。中华民族的文化传统几千年来绵延不绝,是世界文明发展史上的奇迹,它的出现应当说与孔子所开始的民族意识的自觉有着一定的思想渊源关系。

    关于区别“诸夏”与“夷狄”,孔子还有一段议论,即“夷狄之有君,不如诸夏之亡也”。意思是说,“夷狄”虽“有君”,却不行“周礼”,君臣上下的名分有等于无;而“诸夏”哪怕无君,但君臣的等级秩序照样存在。可见孔子以明“夷狄”、“诸夏”之别表现出来的朦胧的“民族意识”的自觉不是孤立的,而是和他的君臣等级观念纠缠在一起的,因此决不能给以过高的、违反历史真实的估计。

    孔子的明“夷狄”、“诸夏”之别的政治主张,到秦汉以后逐渐以“明华夷之辨”的命题为历代儒家所继承和发扬。积极方面,每当民族危亡之际,总有一批民族英雄以此为思想武器和精神支柱,挺身而出,伸张民族大义。消极方面,也总有人以此为借口,对内欺压少数民族,变成大汉族主义;对外则以天朝大国自居,流于狭隘的民族主义。

同类题5

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    If you have ever been left wondering why your emails are riddled(充斥着) with grammatical errors, or why you can never quite find the right phrase, it may be because you are typing with both hands.

    Our vocabulary becomes richer and our writing style becomes more fluent when we type using just one hand, scientists have found. "Typing can be too fluent or too fast, and it can actually weaken the writing process," said Srdan Medimorec, the lead author of the study conducted at the department of psychology at the University of Waterloo, Canada. "It seems that what we write is a product of the interaction(互动) between our thoughts and the tools we use to express them."

    Using text-analysis software, researchers asked 103 university students to write essays under different conditions, using one hand to type and using both hands to type. The software was used to analyze(分析) elements of the essays, such as range of vocabulary, sentence complexity and the cohesion(衔接) of the writing.

    Researchers found that participants' vocabulary became more advanced when they typed with one hand rather than two. The research team said that by slowing our writing down, typing one-handed allows more time for an internal (内在的) word search, resulting in a larger variety of words.

    In contrast, fast typists might just write the first word that comes to mind. However, it is important not to slow typing down too much. Those who typed essays one-handed in the current study slowed down to about the speed of handwriting.

    This is the first study to show that changing people's typing can make their writing get better. The researchers suggested that the speed of writing could affect writing quality regardless of the tools used, whether they are computers, or pen and paper, although further research would be required to prove that idea.