题干

外交政策是一个国家、国家集团或组织处理对外(国际)关系,进行外交活动所遵循的基本原则和行动方针。阅读材料,回答下列问题:

材料一1921年美国急欲改变日本在华的优势局面,瓦解英日同盟,孤立日本,遂以解决中国问题为名,召开了此次会议,提案是由中国北洋政府在美国的授意下提出的。会议期间,中国方面曾提出收回关税自主权,取消领事裁判权,撤退外国驻华军队和收回租界、租借地等,但均遭拒绝。

材料二:美国只要能打开中国的“大门”,就可以开创一个外交新时代。自然,中国在国际政治中发挥积极的作用可以更容易地遏制苏联,而经济上强大的日本则能抗衡中国。这样一种“新颖的”外交格局中,美国将独占鳌头,扮演世界领导的角色。因此,对于尼克松总统的外交攻势来说,中国是至关重要的。……北京欢迎尼克松来访既有实际原因,也有心理原因。……最重要的是要同他讨论改善国际地位,以遏制苏联可能的进攻。

﹣﹣徐中约《中国近代史:1600﹣2000中国的奋斗》

材料三:中国是一个发展中国家,也是一个世界大国。在自身不断发展的同时,也需要及时向世界表达中国人对世界发展和国际秩序的愿景,积极参与全球治理并承担力所能及的大国责任,以展现并提升中国的外交道义和大国形象。这是一个大国应有的国际责任担当,是国际社会对中国发展的一种期待。

﹣﹣罗建波《中国特色大国外交的新气象与新特色》

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    "Listen carefully to what I say,"  the time traveler said, "I shall tell you something that you will not agree."

    "Why will we not agree?" I asked.

    "Because the science and mathematics you know are not correct," he said. "You believe there are only three dimensions(三维空间)-length, breadth(宽) and thickness."

    "There is nothing to argue with that, "  the youngest member of our little group said.

    "Exactly!"  the time traveler answered, "But there is also a fourth dimension - time."

    "We all know about time, " another member of the group said. "Time passed."

    "I do not agree,"  the time traveler said, "Length, breadth and thickness do not pass. They stay in the same place in space.  We move about them. I can prove that time is the same. It does not pass. We move in time the same way that we move in breadth, length and thickness."

    None of us believed the time traveler, and we argued with him for many hours.

    "If we could travel back in time,"  the scientist said, "We could do things to change the future."

    "If we could travel forward in time," the doctor(博士) said, "we could do things that change our present."

    The time traveler smiled, "It is clear," he said, "that there is only one way I can show you that I am right. We must do an experiment. Please wait here."

    He left the room and soon returned, carrying what looked like a clock.

    "This is a model of a time machine. It took me two years to make it," the time traveler said. "I want all of you to understand that when I start the machine, it will immediately travel in time and disappear from the present."

    He turned to the youngest of all. "Give me your hand," he said.

    The young man put out his hand. The time traveler took it and placed it on the machine. Immediately, there was a sudden wind, and the little machine disappeared.

    I was certain this was not a trick, but the doctor was not so sure.

    "Are you asking us to believe," he said, "that the machine is now in a different time?"

    "Certainly! In my laboratory, a full-size machine is almost complete. As soon as it is complete, I shall send myself on a journey through time. Would you like to see my machine?"

    "Are you serious about this?" the doctor asked.

    "I have never been more serious about anything," the time traveler said, "Come."

    We followed him to his laboratory. There, we saw the actual machine, not quite complete, but large enough for a man to sit in.