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阅读下面的材料,完成下列小题。

    没有规矩,不成方圆,许多批评家主张散文不得放弃“边界”。即使古代散文不存在一个稳定的散文文类,现代散文也到了建章立制的时候。然在我看来,散文的“边界”可以撤除;换言之,诗、小说、戏剧之外均可成为散文。事实上,这就是我认定散文疆域的参照坐标。诗的节奏、押韵以及铿锵语调具有严饬的形式感——这一切无不展现出摒弃世俗的美学高度;散文则是流水般的叙述话语,而且,这种叙述话语松弛、从容,直面琐碎卑微的日子,充满日常的烟火气息。因此,散文与小说时常面目相近,甚至不分伯仲。考察二者的区别,许多人聚焦于“虚构”:散文必须纪实,小说允许虚构。为什么小说拥有虚构的特权而散文不得染指?在我看来,与其说小说占有了虚构之利而将笨拙的纪实扔给了散文,不如考虑二者的分疆而治带来了什么。小说必须有偿使用虚构,它通常以传奇性、戏剧性和悬念回报虚构——即以想象打破庸常现实的平淡与乏味。相反,散文不屑于虚构,它的自信是洞悟平淡背后的玄机与妙趣,以内心的起伏取代情节的跌宕。不言而喻,以上粗糙的概括忽略了许多例外,这犹如放弃细节的精雕细琢换取基本轮廓的浮现,仅仅列举几个有限的参照标识,散文的“边界”勘察远未精确。王若虚的《文辨》曾经对于文体发表了一个睿智的观点:“定体则无,大体须有”,意即各种文体规范并非僵硬的教条。必要的时候,文学必须有勇气破门而出。

(选自南帆《文无定法》,有删改)

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A Father and a Son

    Passing through the Atlanta airport one morning, I caught one of those shuttles that take travelers from the main terminals (航站楼) to their boarding gates. Not many people consider them fun, but on this Saturday I heard laughter. At the front of the first shuttle were a man and his son.

    We had just stopped to let off passengers, and the doors were closing again. “Here we go! Hold on to me tight!” the father said. The boy, about five years old, made sounds of happiness.

    “Look out there!” the father said to his son. “See that pilot? I bet he's walking to his plane.” The son turned his neck to look forward.

    As I was early for my flight, I decided to go back to the terminal. Where I went back again, I saw that the man and his son had returned too. I realized then that they hadn't been heading for a flight, but had just been riding the shuttle.

    “I want to ride some more!”

    “More?” the father said, mock-angry but clearly pleased. “ You are not tired?”

    “This is fun!” his son said.

    “All right.” the father replied, when a door opened, we all got on.

    There are parents who can afford to send their children to Europe or Disneyland, and there are parents who live in million-dollar houses and give their children cars and swimming pools, yet something goes wrong.

    “Where are all those people going, Daddy?” the son asked.

    “All over the world,” came the reply.

    The other people in the airport were leaving for far destinations (终点) or arriving at the ends of their journeys. The father and son, though, were just riding this shuttle together, making it exciting, enjoying being together.

    So many troubles in this country. So many questions about what to do. Here was a father who cared about spending the day with his son and who had come up with this plan on a Saturday morning.

    The answer is so simple: parents who care enough to spend time, and to pay attention and to try their best. It doesn't cost a cent, yet it is the most valuable thing in the world.

    The shuttle picked up speed, and the father pointed something out, and the boy laughed again.