多情自古伤离别，____！今宵酒醒何处处？____。（柳永《雨霖铃》）

下列划线字注音全部正确的一项是（    ）

关于群落的结构，以下理解不正确的是（　　）

阅读《我的母亲》选段，完成后面的题。

    每天天刚亮时，我母亲便把我喊醒，叫我披衣坐起。我从不知道她醒来坐了多久了。她看我清醒了，便对我说昨天我做错了什么事，说错了什么话，要我认错，要我用功读书。有时候她对我说父亲的种种好处，她说：“你总要踏上你老子的脚步。我一生只晓得这一个完全的人，你要学他，不要跌他的股。”(跌股便是丢脸，出丑。)她说到伤心处，往往掉下泪来。到天大明时，她才把我的衣服穿好，催我去上早学。学堂门上的锁匙放在先生家里；我先到学堂门口一望，便跑到先生家里去敲门。先生家里有人把锁匙从门缝里递出来，我拿了跑回去，开了门，坐下念生书。十天之中，总有八九天我是第一个去开学堂门的。等到先生来了，我背了生书，才回家吃早饭。

    我母亲管束我最严，她是慈母兼任严父。但她从来不在别人面前骂我一句，打我一下，我做错了事，她只对我一望，我看见了她的严厉眼光，便吓住了。犯的事小，她等到第二天早晨我眠醒时才教训我。犯的事大，她等到晚上人静时，关了房门，先责备我，然后行罚，或罚跪，或拧我的肉。无论怎样重罚，总不许我哭出声音来。她教训儿子不是借此出气叫别人听的。

    有一个初秋的傍晚，我吃了晚饭，在门口玩，身上只穿着一件单背心。这时候我母亲的妹子玉英姨母在我家住，她怕我冷了，拿了一件小衫出来叫我穿上。我不肯穿，她说：“穿上吧，凉了。”我随口回答：“娘(凉)什么！老子都不老子呀。”我刚说了这一句，一抬头，看见母亲从家里走出，我赶快把小衫穿上。但她已听见这句轻薄的话了。晚上人静后，她罚我跪下，重重地责罚了一顿。她说：“你没了老子，是多么得意的事！好用来说嘴！”她气得坐着发抖，也不许我上床去睡。我跪着哭，用手擦眼泪，不知擦进了什么微菌，后来足足害了一年多的眼翳病。医来医去，总医不好。我母亲心里又悔又急，听说眼翳可以用舌头舔去，有一夜她把我叫醒，她真用舌头舔我的病眼。这是我的严师，我的慈母。

阅读理解
    In a class this past December, after I wrote some directions on the board for students about their final examination, one young woman quickly took a picture of the board using her smart phone. When I looked in her direction, she apologized, “Sorry. Was it wrong to take a picture?”
    “I can't read my own handwriting,” the young woman explained. “It's best if I take a picture of your writing so I can understand the notes.”
    That remark started a class-wide discussion about taking a picture instead of taking notes. For those in the photo-taking camp, reasons extended(扩展) beyond their inability to comprehend their own handwriting. Some took pictures of notes because they knew their phone was a safe place to store material. They might lose paper, but they wouldn't lose their phones. Some took photos because they wanted to record exactly the way in which I had noted information on the board. Others told me that during class they liked to be able to listen to the discussion attentively.
    Yet the use of cameras may be convenient, it does raise questions for the classroom. Is a picture an effective replacement for the process of note-taking?
    Teachers encourage students to take notes because the act of doing so is more than just recording necessary information—it helps prepare the way for understanding. Encouraging students to take notes may be an old-fashioned method, but just because a method has a long history doesn't mean it's out of date. Writing things down engages a student's brain in listening, visual, and kinesthetic(触觉的) learning. The act of writing down information enables a person to begin to memorize, to process and combine it, helping learning new knowledge.
    Taking a picture does indeed record the information, but it lacks some of the necessary mental activities that taking notes employs. So can the two be equally effective?