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    Mary Krupa became friends with the grey squirrels during her first week at Penn State,after spotting them running around and idly(漫不经地)wondering what they would look like with tiny hats on their heads.Today, everyone at the university knows her as the "Squirrel Girl".

    Mary started bringing them food,and gradually they began to trust her.She managed to put a hat on a squirrel and take a picture.Thinking that her colleagues could do with something to lift up their spirits,she started posting similar Photos on Facebook.The response Was greatly positive,and before long Mary and her squirrels became an Internet sensation.

    Growing up in a neighborhood outside State College,Mary was always fond of birds and animals around her home,but she didn't interact with people very much.She was later diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome,but the squirrels changed that.The squirrels are actually a good way to break the ice,because I'll be sitting here patting a squirrel and other people will come over and well just start like feeding the squirrels together and chatting about them,"she said."I am a lot more outgoing.

    And in case you're wondering how Mary is able to get the squirrels to do what she wants for her photos,it has a lot to do with food.For example,whenever she wants them to hold or play with something,she puts peanut butter on the prop(道具),and they'll grab it.But getting to that part took a while.In the beginning,she would throw peanuts up the trees on campus and invite the squirrels to come down and get them,but they hesitated to approach her.She had the patience to earn their trust,though.

    This year,Mary is graduating with a degree in English and wildlife sciences.She wants to be a science writer and educate people on how to preserve the environment.As for her furry friends,Mary plans to stay in the area and visit them as often as she can.

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玫瑰和胶囊

沈奇岚

       ①十多年前笔者曾经参加过一次国际论坛。有一位非常年轻的企业家介绍自己的新公司,经营的主要业务是“替人读书”。许多大企业的管理人员总是非常忙碌,却又很想读书。这家公司就为这些想读书而没有时间读书的人把三百页的大部著作精简成十页的“精华”。负责摘选和撰写“精华”的人都是具有高学历的研究人员,以保证浓缩的一定是精华。一时间这家公司十分受欢迎,它提供的“精华”摘要,犹如读书界的营养胶囊,小小一粒,让人们觉得获得了所需要的信息和养分,同时大大节约了时间。

       ②当时我就想,这套办法是没法用在文学和哲学书上的吧,曾有人将《安娜·卡列尼娜》的摘要编成一句“已婚的安娜爱上了渥伦斯基,离开了家庭,然后卧轨自杀”,而《简·爱》的摘要就是“家庭教师简·爱在罗切斯特先生家里教书,后来嫁给了他”,不伦不类,引人发笑。事实是,如果抽去了故事的细节,抽去了一切社会属性和事情发展的时间性,没有一个故事值得一读,没有一个人物值得去爱。好作品是无法压缩成所谓的精华的,尽管读好作品必须付出时间和精力,但这才是真正能够回馈到生命本身的阅读。

       ③以获取信息为目的的阅读,或许可以压缩成“精华”,让无暇与心灵对话的读者迅速吞咽,立即获得营养。这是兔子吃胡萝卜式的阅读,是占有性的阅读。而另外一种阅读,是更从容。它考验读者的情趣,也试探读者的耐心。在阅读中,读者和书中的内容建立起生命的联系。读者找到了阅读的意义,增强了思维能力和感情容量,生命也因此而丰富起来。

       ④读书是个选择。读书的目的不仅仅是为了获得知识,还为了正确度过生命时光,使生命更加充实。获得信息和知识,在互联网时代是容易的,而思维能力的增强和理解力的增加是有难度的。当网络渐渐分担甚至取代了图书传播信息和知识的功能时,滋养心灵成了书籍更重要的功能。那些不可压缩的是什么?那些不能变成“精华摘要”的是什么?这是每一个读书人值得思考的问题。这个时代盛产各种各样的营养胶囊,一粒玫瑰胶囊或许有助于皮肤保养,而一朵盛开的红玫瑰可以召唤整个春天

                                                                                                                                                                  (选自《读者》2015年第2期,有改动)