题干

某餐馆适用的营业税税率为5%.小明和爸爸去该餐馆吃饭共消费200元,在结账索要发票时被告知,如果不要发票,可以获得一瓶价值4元的饮料,小明和爸爸表示接受,上述做法(  )
①使餐馆少缴纳6元税款                           ②使餐馆多获得6元收益
③不利于保护消费者的权益                         ④不利于刺激消费需求

A:①③

B:②③

C:①④

D:②④

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B

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    The ability to speak more than one language certainly has its special benefits.It enables you to work in another country or interact with people whose language is different from your mother tongue.Cognitive(认知的)  psychologists have been interested in how bilingualism(双语能力)shapes the mind for almost a century.There are those who suggest that in order to speak one language,bilinguals have to suppress(抑制)the influence of the other.In the past three decades,research had argued that this unique form of language processing trains the brain in the use of abilities known as "executive(执行的)functions" such as ignoring irrelevant information or shifting attention. Bilinguals of different ages and cultural backgrounds have been shown to be faster and more accurate than their monolingual(单语的)peers when performing cognitive tasks demanding these abilities.Furthermore,it has been argued that bilingualism may lead to a delayed onset(发作)of symptoms associated with dementia(痴呆).

    But the scientific community recently has become increasingly skeptical of the bilingual advantage.One of the main points of criticism is that differences between monolinguals and bilinguals when it comes to executive functions are not always apparent.It appears that research on bilingualism is at a turning point.We need to pursue a new approach to understand,beyond those individual examples of executive functions,how the bilingual mind works. We have attempted to address this challenge by testing whether bilinguals and monolinguals differ in terms of how accurately they can assess their own performances.This ability is called meta cognition and is associated with other areas where bilinguals have been shown to have an advantage.

    In our research,we presented participants with a situation in which they had to observe two circles on a screen and guess which one contained more dots.Sometimes the difference was obvious,making the decision easy,while at other times the decision was very difficult (for example,one circle contained 50 dots and the other 49).Participants were then asked to determine how confident they were in their decision on a scale from less to more confident than normal.

    During the course of two experiments,we found that bilinguals and monolinguals were equally likely to choose the circle containing the highest number of dots.However,monolinguals were better able than bilinguals to discriminate between when they were right and when they were wrong.In other words,bilinguals had less insight into their performance than monolinguals.This went against our initial predictions,as we expected to find a bilingual advantage in meta cognitive processing.These results indicate that bilingualism may be associated with cognitive disadvantages as well as benefits.

同类题3

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周太舸

    周末,儿子放假回家。“爸,我不想读书了。”

    “为啥?”

    “我这成绩,就中等,始终上不去。”

    父亲一个响雷:“我一辈子在土里都没有挖出金疙瘩,你还想挖?现如今,种庄稼也要有文化呢。”

    又到周末,儿子放假回家。“爸,我真的不想读书了。我这成绩,恐怕连高中都考不上。即使考上了高中,也难进大学的门。”

    “你……”父亲老树皮一样的手僵在空中,瞬间便柔了回来。儿子的耳边没有响雷。那夜,父亲在院子里的石磨上,披一身月光,坐成了一尊古铜色的雕塑,烟头的红光时隐时现。

    第二天一大早,父亲便催儿子起床:“随我去卖猪崽。”

    儿子揉着惺忪的睡眼,好生纳闷。以前,父亲一大早便催儿子起床读书,莫非父亲默许我不上学了?儿子一骨碌起床,心想,赶场卖猪崽也比上学好。

    父亲:“本场近,猪崽便宜;赶远场,猪崽贵。我挑四只,你背一只。”

    儿子:“不骑摩托?或者搭车?”

    父亲:“摩托坏了。走路省钱。”

    一只猪崽二十多斤。儿子紧跟在父亲后面,心中颇为惬意。猪崽在背篼里似乎在往大里长,越来越沉。双腿渐渐像灌了铅,身子渐渐僵硬如石块,汗水如泉般淌了出来。

    与父亲的距离拉越远,儿子盼父亲倒回来帮着背,以前背柴火,儿子背不动时,父亲总要接一程。可这回,父亲歇下担子,却没有倒回来的意思。

    儿子恨恨地赶上了父亲,只见父亲被汗水湿透的衣衫能拧出水来。

    儿子:“爸,这三十多里路,我恐怕走不了。”

    父亲黝黑红亮的脸膛闪电一样抽搐了一下:“背回去?前功尽弃了!”

    儿子摇摇头,又点点头。

    父亲:“你能背到大石头那里吗?”

    儿子一看,山脚确实有一块大石头,很近,于是说:“能。”

    又启程,父亲在前,儿子在后,来到大石头跟前。

    歇息不久,父亲催儿子动身。

    儿子:“爸,再歇一会儿吧,我实在走不动了。”

    父亲:“赶紧走,晚了就卖不上好价钱。能背到前面那棵大树那里吗?”

    儿子抬眼一看,前面确实有一棵大树,很近,于是说:“能。”

    来到大树下面歇息。父亲:“能背到半山腰吗?”

    儿子抬眼一看,半山腰很近,于是说:“能。”

    半山腰歇息。父亲:“能背到那处瓦房吗?”

    儿子抬眼一看,前面一处瓦房已经亮起了灯光,隐隐约约能听到人声,于是说:“能。”

    父亲:“能背上山顶吗”儿子抬眼一看,山顶很近,于是说:“能。”

    往山顶走,不,准确地说,儿子弓着腰,垂着双臂,是爬。儿子:“爸,我实在迈不动步了。”

    父亲:“咬咬牙,力气又有了。”

    爬上山顶,儿子一屁股软在地上。山那边的集镇就在眼前。

    父亲喘了一会儿,说:“这么远的路都走过来了,好样的!路就是这样一步一个目标地走过来的。”

    猪崽换成了钞票,父子俩美美地吃了早餐。

    儿子:“回家走路就轻松了。”

    父亲:“不,回家搭车。”

    儿子纳闷:“不省钱了?”

    车上,儿子太疲倦了,渐渐进入了梦乡。一觉醒来,已经到家。

    儿子:“爸,我要继续读书。”

    父亲:“好,上学,我用摩托送你。”

    儿子:“摩托不是坏了吗?”

    父亲:“没坏。”