题干

读亚洲略图,读图回答下面小题。

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同类题3

阅读《捕捉空中之水》一文,回答问题。

    ①空气中有一些水,这也许是一些人想象不到的。其实,从雨的形成和下降就可以理解,如果气雾分子含水量到达一定比例,就会凝结下降,形成雨。

    ②不过,在不下雨的时候,空气中也含有水,卫星观测表明,无论什么时候,地球表面都始终有30%的地区被云雾覆盖。在夏秋季节,即使一块不太大的积云,所含的水分也有10万升左右。而在浓雾中行走的人,都有过被雾水打湿头发和衣服的经历,可见雾中的含水量不可低估。为了有效地开发利用空中丰富的水资源,使之为工农业生产和人民生活服务,世界各国的科学家想出了许多办法。

    ③加拿大的科学家做过这样的试验,在多雾又盛行风的地方,在离地面2米处,将双层的有1平方毫米小孔眼的尼龙布网,架设在与风向垂直的地方。当浓雾经过尼龙布网时,约有80%较大的雾滴被孔眼捕捉住,经碰撞合并后凝聚成大水滴,这些水滴顺着尼龙布网流到下面的水槽中。当网的大小为4×12平方米时,最多的一天可从雾中取水700多升,平均取水量为237升。

    ④德国不莱梅大学的科学家研制出一种设备,能从空气中提取饮用水。这种可移动的装置体积只有1立方米,每天大约可提取1000升饮用水。该设备的核心是一种能像海绵一样吸收空气中水分的吸附剂(如碳或其它聚合体).水被吸附后,采取物理的方法(如阳光照射),使得水从吸附剂中蒸发出来,凝结到凝结器上,再经过消毒和加入矿物质等流程,水就可以饮用了。这种设备尤其适用于只有海水、成水或地下水被污染的地区。当有雾出现时,设备采集水的效率会成倍提高。

    ⑤西班牙科学家曾在特内里费岛上建成一座温室,为了解决温室内植物的灌溉问题,科学家将岛上潮湿的空气吸入温室之中,再将温室的四面墙和屋顶进行降温冷却,潮湿的空气便在冷凝的墙体上变成小水珠,汇集起来。这种方法不仅能解决植物对水分的需求,而且还能供人畜饮用、洗涤等。

    ⑥当然,开发、利用空中水资源的最有效的措施,当属人工增雨﹣﹣将云中的水分转化为降雨。目前人工增雨的手段主要是用高炮、火箭或飞机将碘化银、干冰送入云中,经催化反应后,云中的小水滴逐渐变大,成为雨滴,降到地面。 20世纪末,我国在干旱的黄河上游地区实施了两次大规模的人工增雨行动,共增加“人工降水”30多亿立方米,遏制了黄河上游降水连年减少的趋

(选自《百科知识》2012年第8期 有删改)

同类题5

信息归纳

    With the rapid development of science and technology, communication methods of people have changed a lot in the past years. As we all know, in ancient times, people communicated with people who were far from them only by letters, which took a very long time to get the message.

    In the 19th century, telegraph (电报) was invented, but it was not widely used, letter is still the main method at that time. In 1836, John Coker invented the first electromagnetic telegraph(电磁电报机) in the world, then telegraph came into being and was popular, which was much faster than letter, bringing great convenient to people.

    As time goes by, telephones become increasingly widely used. Now, the phone has been developed as mobile phone, fixed telephone, Internet telephone and other categories, being an essential communication tool in modern information society.

    In addition, network communication is popular as well. It is especially widely welcomed by the youths. A great number of people communicate with others on the Internet by using software, such as email, QQ, WeChat, bbs, MSN and so on. Using software is easy. A computer which is connected to the network is enough. In China, WeChat has become the most popular communication software nowadays. WeChat, known as Weixin in China, is a mobile phone text and voice messaging communication software which is developed by Tencent. People can make video calls that not only can hear the sound, but also can see the people you talk to.

Information Card

The method of communication in ancient time

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The time when the telegraph was invented

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The person who invented the electromagnetic telegraph

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The software which has become the most popular in China

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The number of the communication methods which are mentioned

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