经过不懈努力,南极科考队员终于吃上自己在温室种植的新鲜蔬菜．这种温室采用无土栽培技术,由蔬菜种植自控系统自动控制灌溉泵、温度湿度、培植灯和营养液等．制约南极大陆温室蔬菜生产的最主要因素是（ ）

    A study of sleep in sparrows suggests the relationship between sleep and the ability to learn may be more complicated (复杂) than realized．

    Niels C. Rattenborg of the University of Wisconsin—Madison wanted to find out how the sparrows were able to deal with getting so much less sleep．He and his team brought eight wild birds into a lab and watched them for one year．They invented a game to check how well the birds could learn．In the game, the sparrows had to peck (啄) three buttons (按钮) in a certain order to get a food treat．The scientists discovered that the birds' ability to learn the right button order depended on (依靠) two things, the time of year and the

amount of sleep the birds had．

    During the migration (迁徙) season, the sparrows were restless at night and got much less sleep than usual．Even so, they were able to understand how to get the food quickly as if they'd had a regular night of sleep．Outside the migration season, they found the sparrows that got less sleep than usual had much more difficulty learning how to get the food treats than birds that had a regular sleep．

    The results show that the sparrows can deal with much less sleep during the migration season than usual．If scientists can find out why, they may learn from sparrows and find ways of helping people deal with getting much less sleep．Until scientists fully understand the relationship between sleep and learning, it's better to get plenty of sleep when preparing for an exam．

参观游览时，要爱护公物、文物古迹和花草树木；公共场所，禁止吸烟；课堂上不能随便讲话。这表明（    ）

身高160 cm的小明，利用自己的身体特征进行了以下估测，接近真实值的是(    )

读书是一种心灵的修复

吴黎宏

    ①书是灵魂的伴侣、精神的导师、心灵的良医，书给人的馈赠与帮助可谓无穷。对我来说，读书可以增智广才，可以励志修德，可以怡情养性，是一种最好的心灵修复方式。

    ②读书可以避免浅陋直白，让心灵丰盈圆润。大学毕业刚工作时，我工作热情主动却有些马虎，考虑问题不够全面；待人真诚却嫌直白，有时甚至好心办了坏事。这些问题，固然有客观的原因，但说到底，还是心智不够成熟，修养不到家。除了在生活中体悟之外，我常从书中找老师，在阅读中修炼心性。通过读《论语》《菜根谭》《小窗幽记》，懂得了“己所不欲，勿施于人”“责人之心责己，恕己之心恕人”，学会了换位思考。由是，心智日渐丰盈成熟起来，待人接物和处理工作也变得更加稳重。

    ③读书可以消除烦恼郁闷，让心灵愉悦平和。社会不同于象牙塔，要面对的事情很多，烦恼总是难免。但烦恼不能成为障碍，情绪不能带进工作，压力应及时化解。对我而言，读书可以摆脱现实的沉重，驱散生活中的不愉快，宛如冬天在温暖的炉前烤火，所有的忧愁、愤怒、牢骚都会像衣服上的湿气被烤得烟消云散。读《诗经》，让心灵在纯真无邪的原野上奔腾；读《庄子》，任自己的灵魂尽情“逍遥游”；读清新隽永的散文，如沐春风饮清泉般畅快……可以说，读一本早就想读的书，就像遇见了仰慕已久的朋友。而且，读书的愉悦是发自内心、出于精神层面的乐趣，是充实持久、不可替代的快乐。

    ④                。在快节奏的现代社会，人容易变得浮躁，尤其作为一名干部，不时对自己的品德修养进行校正，十分重要。对我来说，向书中的古代圣贤寻求教诲是一条重要的途径。老子说，“祸莫大于不知足，咎莫大于欲得”；孟子说，“养心莫善于寡欲”；诸葛亮说，“静以修身，俭以养德”；王阳明认为，君子要懂得“收放心”，磨炼自己的心性……通过读书，让自己沉淀下去，把心收回来。一定意义上，业余时间坚持读书，对世俗生活保持一份超然心态，能使人远离庸俗无聊，不被五光十色的诱惑所左右，有效遏制“病毒入侵”，守住心灵的宁静与澄澈。

    ⑤读书可以疗治心理创伤，让心灵坚韧强大。书籍是精神上的“港湾”。人都会经历挫折、冷遇等这样那样的磨难，给心灵造成一定的创伤。心灵的伤痛可能无法从医生那里得到疗治，甚至难以从亲朋那里得到抚慰，而无言的书卷可以给我们慰藉。孔子厄而作《春秋》，屈原被放逐而赋《离骚》，左丘失明而著《国语》……在逆境中读书，会因处境不同而获得不一样的感受，于豁然开朗中深化对人生世事的认识，重新鼓起战胜困难的勇气，以坚韧的意志面对挑战，以崭新的状态面对人生。

    ⑥读书是最好的养心之道。读书让人心诚、心正、心宽，更让人心静、心怡、心安，从而从容睿智地面对人生。

——摘自《人民日报》2016年5月16日第5版