某研究性学习小组对Mg和Al的性质进行了下列的实验及研究．

（1）以镁条、铝片为电极，稀NaOH溶液为电解质构成的原电池（如图1所示）时发现，刚开始时，电流表指针向右偏转，镁条做负极；但随后很快指针又向左偏转，镁条表面有极少量的气泡产生．

①开始阶段，负极发生的反应是____ ．

②随后阶段，铝片发生的电极反应式是____ ；则镁电极发生的电极反应式是____ ．

（2）经研究测定，镁与不同浓度的硝酸反应，生成气体产物的含量随HNO₃浓度变化曲线如图2所示，溶液中的产物有Mg（NO₃）₂、NH₄NO₃和H₂O．96mgMg在1L4mol•L^﹣1的HNO₃中完全溶解，并可收集到22.4mL（标准状况下）气体（忽略反应过程中HNO₃浓度的变化），该反应的化学方程式是____ ．

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