题干

阅读下文,回答问题

恐惧是一种可以控制的情绪

    ①什么是恐惧?恐惧就是对于外部发生的危险做出的一种心理反应。有时,这种反应更近乎一种本能,例如遭遇到火灾、泥石流等危机时本能地逃跑,或是被人迎面打来一拳时本能地架起手臂防御,等等。这些因恐惧而产生的行动是对我们自身的保护,可以帮助我们回避危险。不过,如果保护过了头,我们就会变成厚厚盔甲下的“套中人”——过度、非理性、持续地害怕某种物体、现象、活动或场合,并夸大可能的危险,那就会给我们的日常生活带来许多不必要的麻烦。

    ②人们一般把常见的恐惧症分成四种:动物恐惧症、场所恐惧症、密集恐惧症、社交恐惧症。患有动物恐惧症的人见到一些动物的影像、图片,或看到关于动物的逼真文字描述,都会感到恐惧并想要逃避,甚至伴有强烈的生理症状,如心悸、胸闷、出汗、透气困难等。场所恐惧症主要是对封闭空间的恐惧,并且会因为无法逃离而感到担心、害怕,如处于影剧院、地铁,尤其是电梯中,感到憋闷、呼吸困难、恐慌。密集恐惧症是对排列密集的较小物体害怕或觉得恶心,例如密密麻麻的虫卵、蜂巢、淋浴喷头的出水小孔,甚至草莓,等等。社交恐惧症大多存在于青少年,主要表现是对学校环境的恐惧,因升学、转学或者更换班级而焦虑等。

    ③恐惧自何而来?原因多种多样。可能源自于儿童时期的心理创伤,可能受到环境中长期暗示的影响,也可能仅仅由某个单纯事件所导致,甚至还有些恐惧要归结到生物进化上去。例如,在某些惧怕蛇的人群里,有些人一生中甚至都未见过真正的蛇,但他们不由自主地就会对蛇产生恐惧,这是为什么呢?其实,人类的这种恐惧心理是在长期的进化过程中形成的。早期的灵长类动物为了生存,在险象环生的丛林里面必须提高警惕,小心防范,一旦看到威胁生命的动物靠近(比如毒蛇、蝎子、毒蜘蛛等等),就会恐惧逃窜。长期的记忆被储存下来,恐惧心理由此而生。

    ④如何克服恐惧心理呢?一般说来,对恐惧的东西了解越多,莫名的恐惧感就有可能越少。动物学家不怕和蛇、蜘蛛等动物接触,在高楼表演杂技或修筑高楼的建筑工人不会恐高,尽管他们日常工作时就要面对这些危险,但是,通过知识的学习,技能的训练,他们已经掌握了自我保护的方法,并了解到遭遇危险应如何自我救助,因此能够泰然处之。所以,若想要摆脱你对某一事物的恐惧,就从积累知识并充分了解那件事物本身开始吧!

上一题 下一题 0.0难度 选择题 更新时间:2017-03-20 10:23:49

答案(点此获取答案解析)

同类题2

阅读理解

    In the last few years the popularity of eBooks has exploded.The advantages are clear:You can carry as many books with you as you want.You can simply download every book you like and instantly start reading instead of having to wait for the book to arrive by mail.

    However,one thing hadn't changed.If you wanted to rent a book you were still forced to use hardcopy books.Until now that is, Amazon.com recently announced the start of a new program where you can rent eBooks.

Where to rent eBooks?

    As mentioned before,Amazon.com is the first and currently the only retailer (零售商) that has a program in place for renting eBooks. Luckily,Amazon is the largest online retailer in the world and their eBook assortment (分类) is massive.They are also the producer of the Kindle,the most popular Reader,which means you can be sure that the eBooks you rent will work.

You can currently only rent Textbooks.But this is likely to change as soon as word gets out that you can save money by renting eBooks.

Why rent eBooks at Amazon?

* Save money:Save up to 80% of the normal price of the eBook.

* Decide how long you rent:From 30 days to 360 days,you decide how long you want it.You can extend the time by as little as a day.Or simply buy the eBook if you want to keep it after all.

*Use any device:If you rent an eBook from Amazon,you can read it on your PC,Mac,iPad,iPhone,Android device,Windows Phone 7.Blackberry.or Kindle.

* Keep your notes:Do you like to keep annotations (注释) and highlights in your eBooks?Don't worry.You can always revisit your notes and highlights through Amazon.com.

How to rent eBooks?

    Simply search for the eBook you want to rent on Amazon.com and select the "Rent eBooks" option. After that,a new page will open where you can select how long you'd like to rent the eBook.You can read eBooks for a period of 30 to 360 days.

    You decide how long you need the eBook.If you later find out you need it for longer, you can simply extend the time.Or buy it for the normal price whenever you want.

    Once you've chosen the time you want to rent the eBook,you simply go to checkout.Or you can use the "Rent now" button.