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【中外历史人物评说】

材料:荀子有著作传世。他重视儒家经典,在《荀子·劝学》中主张“始乎诵经,终于读礼”;又在《成相篇》中写道:“君法明,论有常,表仪有设民方知。进退有律,莫得贵贱,孰私王?”他吸取道家“道法自然”的思想而否定其中消极无为成分,主张“天有其时,地有其财,人有其志,夫是之谓能参。”“制天命而用之”。清初精研诸子的傅山指出,荀子的思想实际“近于法家,近于刑名家”,而且在一些观点上“又有近于墨家者言”。荀子力图以他在学术思想领域“齐言行”的努力与当权者“一天下”的政治活动相配合,为“一天下”服务。大约公元前285年,荀子到齐国稷下学宫游学,打算说服齐相行“胜人之道”。“如是,则国孰敢不为义矣?贤士愿相国之朝,能士愿相国之官,好利之民莫不愿以齐为归,是一天下也。”公元前266年至公元前255年间,荀子赴秦。曾向秦昭王建言:“儒者法先王,隆礼义……近者歌讴而乐之,远者竭蹶而趋之。四海之内若一家,通达之属(人迹所到),莫不从服,夫是之谓人师。”公元前253年左右,荀子游赵。曾对赵国君臣说:“招延募选,隆势诈,尚功利,是渐(诈欺)之也;礼义教化,是齐之(民齐心)也。”

——摘编自张岂之《中国思想史》、白寿彝主编《中国通史》

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    The Rugby (英式橄榄球) World Cup is currently being held in New Zealand. The tournament, due to finish on October 23, is living up to the famous English saying, “Rugby is a thug's (暴徒) game played gentlemen. ”

    The games are physically aggressive; the tackles (冲撞) on the pitch are brutal; but the end of each match is a civilized affair. Players shake hands and applaud each other. Of course, the other side to this saying is: "Football is a gentleman's game played by thugs. " Indeed, unlike soccer players, rugby players don't often question the referee's (裁判员) decisions or pretend to be injured when they are not.

    “Football could learn a lot from rugby," said Brian Moore, a former England rugby player "The wonderful spirit of rugby is: there is a gentlemanly code to it. You play hard on the pitch, but you always respect your opponent..

    Rugby is mainly played in Europe. Australia, New Zealand and parts of Africa. "It is more enjoyable to play than soccer because you are always involved in the game," said Peter, a Welsh rugby coach. "Rugby is also a far superior test of strength, stamina (耐力) and determination. "

    Most professional rugby players are large, strong and weigh over 90 kilograms. People who play the sport need to be tough and be prepared to get hurt. Black eyes, broken bones, lost teeth and being knocked unconscious—all these are common injuries. Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown is blind in one eye thanks to a rugby accident at school.

    In England, children begin playing the game at school at the age of 8. When they enter high school, many begin to play full contact rugby. Children are taught to play for around one hour a week during their PE lessons. Most schools have a rugby team. Children who play for the school team are usually the sportiest kids, and are seen as brave and athletic.