题干

西学东渐对我国思想界、学术界产生过强烈的冲击,具有进步作用,下列叙述不正确的是 ( )

A:古代西学东渐现象的出现与新航路的开辟和中国早期民主启蒙思想的产生有关

B:近代西学东渐不断深入的原因与民族危机加深和阶级关系的变化有关

C:明朝的徐光启和意大利的利玛窦在西学东渐中曾作出过突出的贡献

D:近代西学东渐经历了技术(器物)—制度—思想三个层次的变化

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A

同类题4

请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

C

    If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会)and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.

    For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.

    The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.

    Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于)farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.

    There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.

同类题5

阅读下文,完成问题

会哭的人更健康

    ①常言道:“男儿有泪不轻弹。”长期以来,传统观念一直教导我们,哭泣是软弱的表现,尤其对男人更是如此。然而,当我们强忍泪水,听凭痛苦和悲伤侵蚀身体时,其实是拒绝了一种健康的宣泄方式。

    ②哭泣自有其奥妙。美国的生化学家曾做过一个有趣的实验。让一批志愿者先看情感电影,等他们被感动得哭了,就将泪水收进试管。几天后,再利用切洋葱的办法让同一群人流下眼泪。结果显示,因悲伤而流的“情绪眼泪”和被洋葱刺激出的“化学眼泪”成分大不相同,在“情绪眼泪”中含有儿茶酚胺,而“化学眼泪”中却没有。这是大脑在情绪压力下释放出的一种化学物质,体内有过多的儿茶酚胺会引发心脑血管疾病,严重时,甚至还会导致心肌梗死。所以,当我们落下“情绪眼泪”时,排除的是有可能致命的“毒”。

    ③进一步的研究发现,人们心情压抑时,体内还会产生某些对人体有害的生物活性物质。而哭泣时这些有害的生物活性物质也会随着泪液排出体外,这同样也会有效降低有害物质在体内的浓度。

    ④研究还发现,眼泪不仅能把有害物质带出体外,泪腺自身还能分泌出一种活性化合物,这种化合物对全身各部位伤口的修复都能起到积极作用。一个外伤病人,哭得越厉害,伤口便愈合得越快。反之,忍住泪水,压抑了泪腺工作,就会延迟伤口愈合。在这一点上,眼泪不再是意志薄弱的表现,而是加速伤口愈合的天然药物。

    ⑤可见,哭有其生物学意义。哭是对人体的一种安全保护。

    ⑥哭还是人们进行自我心理调节的有效方式之一。在遭遇严重不幸时大哭一场,是人体对不幸的自然反应。人在哭泣后,其情绪强度一般也会降低40%,这便解释了为什么哭后人的心情也会变得稍微舒畅。不情愿哭或哭不出来,身心可能就会出毛病。被抑制的紧张情绪若不能及时发泄出去,还会导致胃和十二指肠溃疡、结肠炎、风湿、冠心病或者其他与情绪有关的疾病发作。像神经性气喘等疾病,就与隐忍不发关系亲密。而偏头疼及许多无名病痛,如胸口发胀、咽喉肿塞、脑袋涨痛等,都可能与过度抑制情绪有关。还有男人大多没有女人长寿,重要缘由之一就是女人一般比男人爱哭。据考证,女性哭的频度为男人的5倍,女性平均每人每月至少要哭5次,而男人只有1次。看来,经常强忍眼泪等于慢性自杀绝非危言耸听。

    ⑦生活中,每个人都可能遇到困难或挫折、委屈郁闷的时候,实在没必要绷着脸强装出一副硬汉样。记住:会哭的人,才更健康。