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绿色水泥,吃碳能手

黄明哲

    ①英国《卫报》2009年公布的数据显示,全世界每年生产20亿吨水泥,每生产1吨普通水泥,就释放出近1吨二氧化碳。水泥的生产占据了世界二氧化碳总排放量的5%,并且,人们对水泥的需求量还在直线上升。那么,万丈高楼平地起,万吨废气何处去?

    ②就在各国面对水泥引发的环保问题一筹莫展的时候,英国诺瓦西姆公司另辟蹊径,研发出不同的材料,以替代传统的普通水泥的原料。于是,绿色水泥诞生了!

    ③绿色水泥采用镁硅酸盐取代先前的基础原料石灰岩。它的独特之处在于它是碳负性的,这是因为镁硅酸盐不仅在制造过程中比标准水泥需要的热量少,而且在硬化过程中还能够有效吸收空气中大量的二氧化碳,所以,在生产过程中,绿色水泥排放出的二氧化碳量就会远远小于它在被使用时吸收的空气中的二氧化碳量。

    ④绿色水泥产品在整个生命周期中每吨可吸收0.6吨的二氧化碳,它就像植物一样将二氧化碳吸入,却完全不会产生碳足迹。并且,在这种新型工艺下,生产水泥所需的原料用量将大大减少,另外,生产过程所需的温度低于300摄氏度,而传统水泥生产通常需要约1450摄氏度的高温环境,这样就大幅地降低了能源的消耗。

    ⑤还有一些新兴公司也在尝试使用不同的方法减少水泥的碳足迹,其中包括位于美国加州的卡列拉公司。该公司于2008年提出了一种新的水泥生产理念,即工厂通过二氧化碳提供的热量来维持生产,这样一种环保节约型生产水泥体系理论刚一提出便受到人们的普遍关注。后来加利福尼亚建立了第一个示范点,致力于向外界推广该生产体系的理念。

    ⑥绿色水泥技术也有望带动各地区的经济发展。它为英国和德国创造了42亿元的年产值,即使是在2009年国际金融危机的影响下,其生产总值仍取得了骄人的增长。

    ⑦目前,我国水泥单位产品能耗比国际先进水平仍高43%,水泥生产能耗约占全国能源消耗量的7%左右。以2005年10.6亿吨的产量为例来计算,水泥单耗每下降1个百分点,每年就可以节约标准煤106万吨。由此可见,水泥节能具有巨大的潜力。

    ⑧专家估计,大约到2014年绿色水泥就能投入批量生产。它必将在未来的世界“搅动一池春水”,有望让我们的生活更加健康和美好。

(选自《低碳生活》原文有改动)

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    From: Wendy and Jack Brown

    Date: September 22, 2014

    To: 8th and 9th graders at R.L.S. Junior School

    Subject: Bonjour!

    Bonjour! (That means hello in French.)

    We hope you all had a great summer. Ours was a lot of fun. We have seen so many new things and met so many wonderful people. The French gave us a warm welcome and helped us get used to living here soon. We have so many things to share with all of you. We are going to send you more emails, but here are the best parts of our holiday in France so far.

    We had a fantastic time seeing the Tour de France this summer. It is the most famous bicycle race in the world. The riders travel more than two thousand miles in about a month! We got a quick look at the riders as they sped past! After the race, our family rented bikes, and rode along part of the route that the cyclists used.

    A few of you asked whether the French really eat snails(蜗牛). The answer is yes. We went out to dinner the other day, and our parents ordered some. We each tried one and it didn't taste too bad. The snails, called escargots, are served with lots of butter. They feel a little rubbery when you bite into them, but they don't really have much taste. Mum's favourite food here is the French pastries. Dad loves the red wine. Our favourite is the fresh bread from the shop down the street.

    We went to visit the Eiffel Tower a few weeks ago. We went all the way to the top. It was a sunny day, so we could see for miles and miles into the distance. Dad doesn't like heights, so he stayed at the bottom of the tower and took pictures from the ground.

    We miss all of you a lot. Write back to us and let us know what is new at home.

Au revoir! (Can you guess what that means in French?)

Wendy and Jack Brown