【近代社会的民主思想与实践】

材料一：英、法、美三国的历史实践，昭示了迈向民主制度的三种方案。第一种是英国的“贵族+演化”道路，特点是重视自由胜于重视平等。第二种是法国的“专制集权+革命”方式，特点是重视平等胜于重视自由。第三种是美国的“宪政民主”立国，特点是对平等和自由都给与了均等的重视。

——托克维尔《旧制度与大革命》

材料二：“皇帝倒了，辫子割了”。这八个字是目睹了辛亥革命的少年瞿秋白对当时社会变化的体验之词，它形象地说明了辛亥革命的两大历史功绩：一是革了皇帝的命，一是革了辫子的命。

——陈旭麓《近代中国社会的新陈代谢》

读句子，根据母鸡的表现选择恰当的词语。

它永远不反抗公鸡。有时候却欺侮最忠厚对的鸭子。（     ）

我国易发生水旱灾害的主要原因是（   ）

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

    Radio, telephone and TV are widely used in the world. When you turn on the radio, you can listen. But when you use telephone, not only can you listen to others but also you can chat with them, however, you can't see anything at all. TV is much better than both of them. People can watch TV and listen to it, but they can’t take part in what they see.

    Today, some people are using a type of telephone called vision-phone（可视电话）. With it, two people who are talking can see each other. It is better than radio, telephone or TV.

    Vision-phones can be of great use when you have something to show the person whom you are calling. It will be helpful in people's life. Some day you may be able to call up a library and ask to read a book on your vision-phone. You may be able to do some shopping too. Perhaps in the future, people will use vision-phone.

长江沿江地带的东、西起点分别是（　　）