题干

材料:1978年10月,美国通用汽车公司董事长汤姆斯•墨菲率领代表团访华,与中方洽谈合作事宜。在谈判中,美方提出来一个中方从来没有听说过的英语词汇“joint venture”并将其解释为“合资经营”。墨菲解释说:“简单地说,合资经营就是把我们的钱包放在一起,合资共同办个企业,要赚一起赚,要赔一起赔,这是一种互利的合作方式。若要再说得通俗一点,合资经营就是好比‘结婚’、建立一个共同的‘家庭’。”中方对此感到新鲜有趣和增长了知识,同时又认为,尽管对方说的有道理,但实际上是不可能的。特别是对美方提到合资经营就好比是“结婚”、“建立共同家庭”,就更不可思议。中方代表团将谈判内容上报中央后,邓小平作了“合资经营企业可以办”的批示。1979年7月,《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》获全国人大五届二次会议审议通过。1980年4月,国家外国投资管理委员会批准成立第一批中外合资企业,如北京航空食品公司、北京长城饭店公司。

——摘编自李岚清《突围——国门初开的岁月》

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    Would you believe that the first outstanding deaf teacher in America was a Frenchman? His name was Laurent Clerc. He became a friend of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and together they founded America's first school for the deaf.

    Laurent Clerc was born in a small village near Lyons, France, on December 26, 1785. When he was one year old, he fell into a fire, losing both his hearing and his sense of smell.

    At 12, Laurent entered the Royal Institution for the Deaf in Paris where he did well in his studies. After he graduated, the school asked him to stay on as an assistant teacher.

    Meanwhile, in America, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet was studying to be a minister. He was very concerned about the lack of educational opportunities for the deaf. Therefore, in 1815, Gallaudet sailed to London, England to seek ideas on how to teach deaf people. While he was there, he met a French educator of the deaf who invited him to go to Paris to spend three months learning at the Royal Institution for the Deaf, the school where Laurent Clerc was teaching. Gallaudet accepted the offer. The two worked and studied well together. When the time came for Gallaudet to return, he asked Clerc to come with him. Clerc accepted on one condition: that he would stay in America only a short time.

    The two men set sail on June 18, 1816. The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean took 52 days; however, Clerc and Gallaudet put the time to good use. Clerc studied English, and Gallaudet studied sign language. They discussed the school for the deaf which they planned to open. On the long trip, they had many conversations about education and deafness. The year after they arrived, they founded a school for the deaf in Harford, Connecticut.

At the school, Clerc led a busy life. He taught signs to Principal Gallaudet; he taught the pupils; and he taught hearing men who came to the school to study deaf education.

    In 1819, Clerc married Eliza Crocker Boardman, one of his pupils. They had six children. He retired from teaching in 1858. Although he had intended to return to France, he never did. He died on July 18, 1869 in the United States.