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如图所示,足够长的圆柱形气缸竖直放置,其横截面积为S=1×10﹣3m2,气缸内有质量m=2kg的活塞,活塞与气缸壁封闭良好,不计摩擦.开始时活塞被销子K销于如图位置,离缸底L1=12cm,此时气缸内被封闭气体的压强为P1=1.5×105 Pa,温度为T1=300K.外界大气压为P0=1.0×105Pa,g=10m/s2.

①现对密闭气体加热,当温度升到T2=400K,其压强P2多大?

②若在此时拔去销子K,活塞开始向上运动,当它最后静止在某一位置时,气缸内气体的温度降为T3=360K,则这时活塞离缸底的距离L3为多少?

③保持气体温度为360K不变,让气缸和活塞一起在竖直方向作匀变速直线运动,为使活塞能停留在离缸底L4=16cm处,则求气缸和活塞应作匀加速直线运动的加速度a大小及方向.

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

解:①由题意可知气体体积不变,

状态Ⅰ:P1=1.5×105 Pa,T1=300K,V1=1×10﹣3×0.12m2

状态Ⅱ:P2=?T2=400K

气体发生等容变化,由查理定律得:

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