任务型阅读
   Do you like chocolate? Maybe most people do. A box of it can be a great gift. Buy one for a friend and give it as a surprise. See how happy that person gets.
   Say you’ve just got a box of chocolate. Which piece would you pick first? A man has studied people’s choices(选择). He says they tell something about the person. What if you choose a round piece? You are a person who likes to go to the party. What if you choose an oval(椭圆形的)shape? (1)You are a person who likes to make things. Picking a square shape shows something else: The person is honest and truthful, and you can depend on(依靠)him or her.
   (2)What kind of ________do you_______? Maybe you pick milk chocolate. This shows you have warm feelings about the past. Dark chocolate means something else. A person who chooses it looks toward the future. What about white chocolate? Would you choose it? If so, you may find it hard to make up your mind. Some people like chocolate with nuts(果仁). These are people who like to help others.
   Different choices may show different characters(性格). Do you believe these ideas? Can candy tell all these things? It doesn’t really matter. There is one sure thing about eaters of chocolate. They eat it because they like it.

材料一　口述史是记录历史的古老形式，唐德刚给口述史注入了新的因素，树立了活的范例，如唐德刚的成名作《李宗仁回忆录》中，李宗仁本人口述占15%，其他的85%是从报纸、图书馆到处搜求资料补充、考证而成，这本书至今是现代口述史的代表著述；

……设定了具体的标准，让人们知道，现代口述史学不是一种辅助性的秘书工作，而是以史学工作者为主体的历史研究；……相比较而言，从以细节见长的口述史学中，可以更多地感受历史的丰富性……这也是他对现代口述史学的一大贡献。

材料二　唐德刚在《晚清七十年》中提出“历史三峡说”，认为中国全部文明史可分为三个阶段，中间经过两次转型。第一次转型发生在二千多年前，从战国时期到秦帝国，大概经过二三百年，转型完成即创建了农业大帝国的定型。近代的大动乱是从中华帝国到现代国家的第二次转型，“这第二次大转型是被迫的，也是死人如麻，极其痛苦的。”

(注:上述材料均根据凤凰网及维基百科等整理)

设$a={\log }_{\pi }3,b=2^{0.3},c={\log }_3\sin \frac{\pi }{6}$，则（    ）

地­—气系统(大气和地面)吸收太阳短波辐射(能量收入)，又向外发射长波辐射(能量支出)，能量收支的差值，称为辐射差额。下图为沿海某地多年平均辐射差额的月份分配图。读图，回答下列各题。