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   Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful. Fire can make water hot and house warm, give light and cook food. But fire can burn (燃烧) things, too. It can make trees, houses, animals and other things catch fire (起火). If some people can't run away from fire, it can kill them. This happens in every country every year.
   Sometimes big fire can burn forests. A month ago, a large forest fire broke out in Yunnan Province. It lasted nearly half a month. The forest in Heilongjiang Province and the grassland in Inner Mongolia caught fire in May, 2006. After more than ten days' fight, over 30,000 people and soldiers put out (扑灭) the fire at last.
   Nobody knows clearly when people began to make fire, but there are many interesting stories about the first time a man or a woman started a fire. One story from Australia tells about a man who went to the sun and brought fire down a long time ago. Today people know how to make a fire with matches (火柴). Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. The match can burn a piece of paper and then it can burn a house. A small fire can become a big fire, and destroy many things. Fire kills many people every year. So you must be careful with fire.

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材料  陕甘宁边区政府十分重视建立和完善惩治腐败的法规建设。1938年8月先期公布了《陕甘宁边区惩治贪污暂行条例草案》,试行一段时间后,于1939年正式颁布。1943年正式制定颁布《惩治贪污条例》。规定:边区所属之机关部队及公营企业之人员.群众组织及社会公益事务团体之人员,有下列行为之一者。即以贪污论罪:

(1)克扣或截留应当发给或缴纳财物者。

(2)买卖公物,从中舞弊者。

(3)盗窃侵吞公有财物者。

(4)强占强征或强募财物者。

(5)意图营利,贩运违禁或漏税物品者。

(6)擅移公款,作为私人营利者。

(7)违法收募捐税者。

(8)伪造或虚报收支账目者。

(9)勒索敲诈收受贿赂者。

(10)为私人利益而浪费公有之财物者。

该文件还规定了具体惩处标准:

(1)贪污数目在1000元以上者,处以死刑。

(2)贪污数目在500元以上者,处5年以上有期待或死刑。

(3)贪污在300元以上500无以下者,处3年以上5年以下有期徒刑。

(4)贪污在100元以上300元以下者,处1年以上3年以下有期徒刑。

(5)贪污100元以下者,处1年有期徒刑或苦役,并追缴其贪污所得财物。

除了依法惩贪制度外,边区政府还制定了干部管理教育制度.民主监督制度.精简机构和俸以养廉制度。

——摘编自《陕甘宁边区政府廉政建设的历史经验》