题干

我国社会主义初级阶段的基本国情与基本路线的关系可以用图2表示。下列可以用同样方式表示的有(    )


A:改革开放与四项基本原则

B:基本经济制度与分配制度

C:社会主义性质与非公有制经济

D:人民代表大会制度与民族区域自治制度

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

B

同类题1

阅读理解

    To develop one's taste in English, the most effective way is to read English books extensively. However, one may be at a loss to choose the suitable books, especially as a beginner. I would like to share some of my experience.

    My first English novel was Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, recommended (推荐) by many English teachers and professors as an ideal book for English learners. But I had great difficulty in understanding the novel, let alone enjoying it. It's not the vocabulary that troubled me, but rather the way Austen constructs sentences, and her way of thinking, which seemed too remote to me at that time. My fading enthusiasm was much recovered after reading Hemingway's novel Farewell to Arms. I particularly liked his brief and lively style. So my first suggestion is, as a beginner, you'd better choose contemporary (现代的) novels instead of classical ones.

    However, reading novels is not the only way to improve your English. English essays (散文) can at once inform you, entertain you, and improve your taste in English. The best example is Bertrand Russell's work. Its language is plain, yet you cannot help feeling the elegance and the unique sense of humor. His simple language enables his philosophy (哲理) within the reach of ordinary people. Here comes my second suggestion—essays are indispensable.

    Never follow other's opinions blindly, however famous or influential the person might be. As a saying goes, one man's meat is another man's poison. With that in mind, we are sure to find out our favorite writers through reading and develop our fine taste in English.

同类题2

阅读下面文字,完成文后各题。

“感冒”一词竟源于古代官场

    “感冒”是常见的流行病,可是任何一部古代中医典籍中都没有“感冒”一词。原来,“感冒”这个常用语不是医学术语,而是来自官场,是一个官场专用语。

    宋代有专门的机构分掌图书经籍和编修国史等事务,这些机构是昭文馆、史馆、集贤院三馆和秘阁、龙图阁等阁,通称“馆阁”。按照规定,馆阁中每天晚上要留一位官员值夜班,以防图书被盗,如果因故不能值夜班,就要在请假簿上写上这么一句:“腹肚不安,免宿。”当然不一定是真的“腹肚不安”,而是一种相沿成习的借口。请假不能连续超过四天。因此馆阁的官员们俗称这本请假簿为“害肚历”。这一记载出自北宋著名科学家沈括所著的《梦溪笔谈》一书,原文是:“馆阁每夜轮校官一人直宿,如有故不宿,则虚其夜,谓之‘豁宿’。故事,豁宿不得过四,至第五日即须入宿。遇豁宿,例于宿历名位下书:‘腹肚不安,免宿。’故馆阁宿历,相传谓之‘害肚历’。”

    南宋时期,时为太学生的陈鹄也在馆阁中供职。陈鹄喜欢别出心裁,他在《耆旧续闻》一书中记载了自己的发明创造:“余为太学诸生,请假出宿,前廊置一簿,书云‘感风’,则‘害肚历’可对‘感风簿’。”陈鹄偏偏不愿意写“腹肚不安,免宿”,而是写上“感风”,还沾沾自喜地声称“感风簿”跟“害肚历”可谓一联绝对。

    陈鹄创造的“感风”一词也是有来历的。与他同时期有个中医学派,史称“永嘉医派”,创始人陈无择写了一部医书《三因方》,将复杂的疾病按照病源分为内因、外因和不内外因三种。外因称“六淫”,即风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火;内因称“七情”,即喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊;不内外因指虎、狼、毒虫等意外疾病。陈鹄于是创造性地把外因之首的“风”信手拈来,前面冠上一个“感”字,“感”者,受也,故称“感风”。“感风簿”一词从此开始风靡官场。到了清代,“感风簿”演变成了“感冒假”,成为官员请假休息的托辞。清代学者俞樾在《茶香室丛钞》一书中说:“按今制官员请假,辄以感冒为辞,当即宋时‘感风簿’之遗意。”清代官员的创造性在于将“感风”变成了“感冒”,“冒”是透出的意思,“感冒”即是感风之后仍然带病坚持工作,今天终于全面爆发了!

    从官场发源,“感冒”一词开始进入人们的日常口语。人人都会感冒,人人都会说“感冒”这个俗语,可是它有趣的来历却被遗忘了。