题干

求下面圆的周长(单位:厘米)

d=2.5

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15.7厘米

同类题3

    Some people bring out the best in you in a way that you might never have fully realized on your own. My mom was one of those people.
My father died when I was nine months old. Mom and I lived a very hard life. We had little money, but my mom gave me a lot of love. Each night, she spoke the words that would change my life, “Kemmons, you are certain to be a great man and you can do anything in life if you work hard enough to get it.”
    At fourteen, I was hit by a car and the doctors said I would never walk again. Every day, my mother spoke to me in her gentle, loving voice, telling me that I could walk again if I wanted strongly enough. She drove that message so deep into my heart that I finally believed her. A year later, I returned to school — walking on my own!
    When the Great Depression (大萧条) hit, my mom lost her job. Then I left school to support  both of us. At that moment, I decided never to be poor again.
    Over the years, I experienced various levels of business success. But the real turning point happened on a vacation I took with my wife and five kids in 1951. I wasn't satisfied with the second-class hotels available for families and was angry that they asked me an extra $2 for each child. That was too expensive for many American families. I told my wife that I was going to open a motel (汽车旅馆) for families that would never ask extra for children. There were plenty of doubters at that time.
    Of course mom was one of my strongest supporters. She worked behind the desk and even designed the room style. But with my mother’s support and encouragement, I never doubted we would succeed. Fifteen years later, we had the largest hotel system in the world — Holiday Inn. In 1979 my company had 1,759 inns in more than fifty countries with an income (收入) of $ 1 billion a year.
    You may not have started out life in the best situation. But if you can find a task in life worth working for and believe in yourself, nothing can stop you.

同类题5

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    涂鸦艺术起源于20世纪60年代的美国,70年代传向欧洲并在欧洲发展壮大。在当时,对于这种简单的“乱涂乱画”作品并没有人过多的去关注和探讨。到今天,涂鸦艺术已经成为全球性的一种时尚潮流,从一种自发的、简单而随意的现象演变成为一种文化。尽管近年来国内有一些对于街头涂鸦扩展到视觉领域的零散论述,但基本上局限于对涂鸦表现形式和表现方法的揣摩,并没有能够深入系统地对城市涂鸦艺术的精神特质和其对城市环境的影响以及街头涂鸦在城市环境中未来的发展进行研究和探讨。

    在文化交流和传播的过程中,人们逐渐习惯了涂鸦这一独特的“艺术”。我们时常能看到它的踪迹,但涂鸦艺术不同于传统的公共艺术形式,比如:雕塑、壁画。涂鸦艺术有着特殊的艺术表现形式和方法:以城市环境中的墙壁、地铁车厢、树洞甚至垃圾桶等为画板,有着夸张的造型和艳丽的色彩,表达创作者对现今社会的看法和立场,以及对未来社会的憧憬和向往。其在很大程度上影响着城市环境。

    在城市环境中,商业街区是重要的组成部分,它包括店铺、广场、步行街等,其环境中的色彩比较靓丽,饱和度和明度都比较高。涂鸦创作者追求自我和个性,所以他们对那些商业环境中摆放的许多套路式的印刷广告很反感,经常会去“破坏”这些常规的商业广告形式,以大红大紫、怪异的手法来引起行人的注意,成为城市环境色彩中很生动的点缀。

    工业区是现代化城市中重要的组成部分,曾经,工业用地占据城市环境的大部分,但随着城市建设速度的加快,许多工业区搬迁至城郊,于是老工业用地被废弃,变得陈旧,墙体暴露,杂草丛生,这些地方通常成为涂鸦者的聚集地。因为不受拘束,在这里可以更好地将精力放在涂鸦作品的内容和形式上,破旧冷清的环境恰好烘托了涂鸦艺术作为街头艺术原始和冷酷的感觉,在这些地方能看见许多精致且赋有创意的作品。

    在现代城市中有许多老旧街区,年代久远,在自然和人为等因素作用下变得脏乱差。用涂鸦作品覆盖墙面,那些原本被风化腐蚀的污渍都被涂鸦作品覆盖或成为涂鸦的附属品。比如,一个破旧的墙面就如一张陈旧的画纸,在上面画上图案后,原先斑斑点点的小颗粒、小细节可能会成为画面的肌理,为画面做出一种特殊的艺术效果。因此,街头涂鸦对建筑本身的缺陷有覆盖、弥补、改善的作用。

    涂鸦艺术与城市环境存在着必然的联系,其独特的表达方式和表现形式是影响城市环境的重要因素。当然,涂鸦艺术也需要正确的引导和规划,才能充分发挥它对城市环境的积极作用。