下面所列科学家与其成就或经典实验搭配有误的一项是（    ）

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程千里列传

    程千里，京兆人。身长七尺，骨相魁岸，有勇力。本碛西募人，累以戎勋，官至安西副都护。天宝十一载，授御史中丞。十二载，兼北庭都护充安西北庭节度使。突厥首领阿布思先率众内附隶朔方军玄宗赐姓名曰李献忠李林甫遥领朔方节度用献忠为副将后有诏移献忠部落隶幽州，献忠素与禄山有隙，惧不奉诏，乃叛归碛北，数为边患。玄宗愤之，命千里将兵讨之。

    十二载十一月，千里兵至碛西，以书喻葛禄，令其相应。献忠势穷，归葛禄部。葛禄缚献忠并其妻子及帐下数千人，送之千里，飞表献捷，天子壮之。十三载三月，千里献俘于勤政楼，斩之于朱雀街，以功授右金吾卫大将军同正，仍留佐羽林军。禄山之乱，诏千里于河东召募，充河东节度副使、云中太守。

    十五载正月，迁上党郡长史、特进，摄御史中丞，以兵守上党。贼来攻城，屡为千里所败，以功累加开府仪同三司、礼部尚书、兼御史大夫。

    至德二年九月，贼将蔡希德围城，数以轻骑挑战。千里恃其骁果，开悬门，率百骑，欲生擒希德。劲骑搏之，垂将擒而希德救兵至，千里敛骑而退，桥坏坠坑，反为希德所执。仰首告诸骑曰：“非吾战之过，此天也！为我报诸将士，乍可失帅，不可失城。”军人闻之泣下，昼夜严兵城守，贼竞不能拔。千里至东都。

    安庆绪舍之，伪署特进，囚之客省。及庆绪败走，为严庄所害。其年十二月，上御丹凤楼大赦，节文曰：“忠臣事君，有死无贰；烈士徇义，虽殁如存。其李橙、卢奕、袁履谦、张巡、许远、张介然、蒋清、庞坚等，即与追赠，访其子孙，厚其官爵，家口深加优恤。”自是赦恩，无不该于节义，而程千里终以生执贼庭，不沾褒赠。

（选自《旧唐书》卷一百八十七下列传第一百三十七下）

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    Hollywood's theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose which we really desire.”
    A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
    The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
    Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.

在一次1500米比赛中，有如下的判断：甲说：丙第一，我第三；乙说：我第一，丁第四；丙说：丁第二，我第三．结果是每人的两句话中都只说对了一句，则可判断第一名是（　　）

可逆反应aX(g)+bY(g)cZ(g)在一定温度下的密闭容器内达到平衡后，t₀时改变某一外界条件，化学反应速率(v)—时间(t)图象如下图。下列说法正确的是（   ）