题干

时空观念是在特定的时间联系和空间联系中对事物进行观察、分析的意识和思维方式,只有在特定的时空框架当中,才可能对史事有准确的理解。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一:公元220年,曹丕废掉汉献帝,自称皇帝,国号魏,东汉结束。第二年,刘备在成都称帝,国号汉,史称蜀。222年,孙权称王,国号吴。三国鼎立局面形成。266年司马炎篡夺皇位,建立晋朝,史称“西晋”。280年,西晋军队灭掉了吴国,结束了分裂局面。316年西晋灭亡,第二年,皇族司马睿重建晋朝,都城在健康。

    公元439年,我国东北地区鲜卑族建立的北魏统一了黄河流域。北魏建立后,定都平城(今山西大同),平城的地理位置不利于北魏对中原广大地区的统治,也不利于鲜卑族学习和接受汉族先进的文化。494年北魏孝文帝进行了迁都。孝文帝迁都之前,进行了政治、经济改革,迁都后进一步实行改革。

﹣﹣摘编自人教版《中国历史•7年级上册》

材料二:(见下图,摘编自中国地图出版社《中国历史地图册•7年级上册》)

材料三:15世纪,欧洲人梦想去东方发财,开始探寻前往东方的新航路。1487年,迪亚士率领船队沿非洲西海岸向南航行,到达非洲南端好望角。1492年,哥伦布受西班牙王室支持,率船队从西班牙启程,横渡大西洋,到达今天美洲的古巴、海地等地。1497﹣1498年葡萄牙人达•伽马率船队沿着迪亚士船队的航线,到达印度等地,获得无数财富。1519﹣1522年麦哲伦率领的船队,穿越大西洋、太平洋和印度洋,返回欧洲,完成了环球航行。16世纪初,航海家亚美利哥到达美洲。这块新大陆以他的名字命名。

﹣﹣摘编自人教版《世界历史•9年级上册》

材料四:(见下图,摘编自人教版《世界历史•9年级上册》)

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阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    A boy thought that he was the most unhappy person in the world. In his opinion, he was unlucky because almost everything 1always happened to him. He wanted to find the 2 to happiness. He walked a long way and finally came to a beautiful palace. There, he met the king.

    After learning 3 the boy came, the king suggested that he should look around the palace and come back in two hours. “At the same time, I want you to hold this spoon 4 milk,” said the king. “As you walk around my palace, carry this spoon 5 without spilling the milk.”

    The boy kept his eyes fixed on the spoon and began to walk around the golden palace. After two hours, he came back to the king. “Well,” asked the king. “Did you 6 the wonderful paintings in my dining hall? Did you enjoy the colorful flowers in the garden?” The boy felt sorry because he saw 7.  He only paid attention to the milk.

    "Then go back and you can see the beauty of my world.” said the king. This time the boy saw all of the works of art on the walls. He saw the great gardens and hills all around. He had a great time 8 he was walking around the palace. When he 9, he described everything he saw.

     "But where is the milk?” asked the king. Looking down at the spoon he held, the boy saw the milk was gone. “Well, there is only one piece of 10 I can give you,” said the king. “The secret to happiness is to see all the beauty of the world and also keep an eye on the milk on the spoon.”