题干

阅读弗雷德•皮尔斯的《空气中取水》一文,完成下列各题。

    ①任何时候,大气中都含有105亿英亩呎水,其总量是世界上所有江河水量的6倍多。其中,大约2%很快就会作为降雨落到地面,剩余的98%依然处于水蒸气的状态。

    ②有人提议,用声音从空气中获取水分。凉爽、宁静的夜晚,空气中的水分达到饱和后,即使是微小的空气振动,也能凝聚水分,产生雨滴。在中国云南省的山区,村民们有个传统,通过大声喊叫来祈雨。据说,喊得越响,雨下得越大。

    ③一个有趣的新想法看起来似乎可行。在临海的沙漠地区建造温室,用寒冷的海水作为空气调节器,从炎热的空气中凝聚水分。这种温室实际上是巨大的露水制造机。从2002 年以来,帕顿的阿布扎比温室已经在沙漠中种出了黄瓜、西红柿和鲜花。10平方英尺的温室每天可产生10加仑水﹣﹣这比热带雨林通过降雨得到的水还要多

    ④在干旱的沙漠之中,人们曾尝试通过收集雾水解决用水问题。顺着智利北部阿塔卡马沙漠中绵延的山顶,悬挂着75 张大塑料帆网。这里已经连续几年没有降雨了,但寒冷的近海气流定期从太平洋上大量涌来,塑料帆网通过获取这些气流的水分而变得十分潮湿。每张帆网有40英尺×10英尺大小,一天能收集40 加仑水。那里的一个小镇,从前用水完全靠从50英里外运来。如今这项工程平均每天可以给小镇提供3000加仑水。

    ⑤这种做法被广为接受。南美洲的整个太平洋沿岸,很多社区已经建造了捕雾幕帐,用来给新栽的树木供水。这种系统一旦建立起来,这些树就可以在叶子上为自己收集雾气,在沙漠中重新创造以雾为基础的生态系统。

【注】①英亩呎:体积单位。

(选自《当江河枯竭的时候:21 世纪全球水危机》,有删改)

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    At one time, computers were expected largely to remove the need for paper copies of documents(文件) because they could be stored electronically. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.

    It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. “I feel in my bones this revolution is causing more trees to be cut down ,” says Ted Smith of the Earth Village Organization.

    Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new markets. Several Internet companies have been set up to help small businesses print quality documents from a computer. Earlier this week Hewlett-Packard Co. announced a plan to develop new technologies that will enable people to print even more so they can get a hard copy of a business document, a medical record or just a one-line e-mail, even if they are nowhere near a computer. As the company sees it, the more use of the Internet the greater demand for printers.

    Does all this mean environmental concerns have been forgotten? Some activists suggest people have been led to believe that a lot of dangers to the environment have gone away.

    “I guess people believe that the problem is taken care of, because of recycling,” said Kelly Quirke, director of the Rainforest Action Network in San Francisco. Yet Quirke is hopeful that high-tech may also prove helpful. He says printers that print on both sides are growing in popularity.

    The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.