题干

You ________ leave rubbish in a park.

A:needn't

B:mustn't

C:can't

D:may not

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

C

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任务型阅读

Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious

    The everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It's the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.

    Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.

    Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today's constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.

    There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers' evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.

    But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don't show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.

    When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.

同类题5

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                                                                                                                          远去了,母亲放飞的手
        从1950年到1959年,我8岁到17岁。家里平时就我和母亲两人。回忆那10年的生活,母亲在物质上和精神上对我的哺育,都是非同寻常的。
        物质上,母亲极不重视穿着,对我亦然,有得穿就行了;用的,如家具,也十分粗陋。但在吃上,那可就非同小可了,母亲做得一手极地道的四川莱,且不说她能独立做出一桌宴席,令父亲的那些见过大世面的朋友交口称赞,就是她平日停歇时轮番制作的四川腊肠、腊肠肉等,也足以叫邻居们喷喷称奇。有人就对我发出警告:“你将来离开了家,看你怎么吃得惯啊!”但是母亲几乎不给我买糖果之类的零食,偶尔看见我吃果丹皮、关东糖之类的零食,她总是要数落我一顿。母亲坚信,一个人只要吃好三顿正经饭,便可健康长寿,并且那话里话外,似乎还传递着这样的信念;人只有吃“正经饭”才行得正,吃零嘴意味道德开始滑落——当然很多年以后,我才能将所意会的,整理为这样的文句。
        母亲在饮食上如此令邻居们吃惊,被一致认为对我的“娇惯”和“溺爱”。跟着还有令邻居们吃惊的事。那就是我家是大院中有名的邮件大户。如果那几十种报刊都是我父亲订的,当然不稀奇,但我父亲其实只订了一份《人民日报》,其余的竞都是为我订的。就有邻居大妈不解地问我母亲:“你怎么那么舍得为儿子花钱啊!你看你,自己穿得这么破旧,家里连套沙发椅也不置!”母亲回答得很坦然:“他喜欢啊!这个爱好,尽着他吧!”
        1959年,我被北京师范专科学校录取,勉勉强强地去报了到。我感到“不幸的万幸”是,这所学校就在市内,因此我觉得还可以大体上保持和上高中差不多的生活方式——晚上回家吃饭和睡觉。我满以为,母亲会纵容我“依然如故”地那样生活。但是她却给我准备了铺盖卷和箱子,显示出她丝毫没能有犹豫过。母亲不仅把我“推”到了学校,而且,也不再为我负担那些报刊的订费,我只能充分的利用学校的阅览室和图书馆。
        1960年春天,有一个星期六我回到家中,一进门就发现情况异常,在准备搬家似的……果不其然,父亲奉命调到张家口一所军事院校去任教,母亲也跟着他去。我呢?父亲和母亲都丝毫没能犹豫地认为,我应当留在北京。问题在于:北京的这个家,要不要给留下?如果说屋都留下大多,那么,为什么不至少为我留下一间呢?但父亲却把房全退了,母亲呢,思想感情和父亲完全一致,就是认为在这种情况下,我应当开始完全独立的生活。父亲迁离北京的那周的星期六下午,我忽然意识到我在北京除了集体宿舍的那张铺位,再没有可以称为家的地方了!我爬上去,躺到那铺位上,呆呆地望着天花板上的一块污渍,没有流泪,却有一种透彻肺腑的痛苦,难以言说,也无人可诉。
        1966年春天,我在北京一所中学任教。就在那个春天,我棉被的被套槽朽不堪了,那是母亲将我放飞时,亲手给我缝制的被子。它在为我忠实地服务了几年后,终于到了必须更换的极限。于是我给在张家口的母亲写信要一床被套,这对于我来说是自然到极点的事。母亲很快寄来了一床新被套,但同时我也就接到了母亲的信,她那信上有几句话我觉得极为刺心:“被套也还是问我要,好吧,这一回学雷锋,做好事,给你寄上一床……”睡在换上母亲所寄来的新被套里,我有一种悲凉感:母亲给儿子寄被套,怎么成了“学雷锋,做好事”,仿佛是“义务劳动”呢?现在我才憬悟,母亲那是很认真很严肃的话,就是告诉我,既已将我放飞,像换被套这类的事,就应自己设法解决。她是在提醒我,…自己的事要尽量自己独立解决’’。
        母亲将我放飞以后,我离她那双给过我无数次爱抚的手,是越来越远了,但她所给予我的种种人生启示,竟然直到今天,仍然能从细小处,挖掘出珍贵的宝藏……谁言寸草心,报得三春晖!