题干

-           is it? -- It's white and red.

A:What

B:What colour

C:What's

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B

同类题1

阅读下面的文字,完成问题。

    文学经典的重构指的是通过对现有的文学经典的阅读和阐释,在获得新的认识和理解的基础上,对现存的经典书目进行修订使之变得更加完善和实用。因此,文学经典的重构不是把现有的经典推倒重来,而是在现有的基础上通过增添与删除,从而接纳被历史确认了的新的经典,剔除被历史证明为不是经典的作品。通过重构,文学经典才能与历史同步,文学经典的书目才会变得完备和可靠,文学经典的质量才会得到保障。事实上,重构最大的作用在于增补和删除,增补主要针对现在而言,即把现在被视为经典的作品补充进去。删除主要针对过去而言,即把过去误认为是经典的作品从经典书目中清除出去。因此,这一重构的过程也是文学经典化的过程。经典的确受到文学传统、文学流派、艺术风格、审美趣味等的影响,文学经典书目实际上一直随着时间的流逝而不断变化着。

    文学作品能够变为经典的原因是什么,这是一个众说纷纭的问题。布鲁姆认为,作家及其作品成为经典的原因在于“陌生性”。他说:“一切强有力的原创性文学都具有经典性。”原创性对于文学经典是重要的,但是我们无法据此解释那些大量被排除在经典之外的同样具有原创性的作品。例如西方的骑士小说和我国的武侠小说,它们的陌生化特点往往让阅读它们的人爱不释手,但是它们却不能成为经典。这就是说,布鲁姆提出的原创性标志的陌生性,难以成为文学作品经典化的标准。布鲁姆接着又提出另一个标准:“神性与人性的爱恨纠葛”是文学作品成为经典的又一标志。但是,无论是陌生性还是神性和人性的爱恨纠葛,都难以成为大家所共同接受的文学经典化的标准。

    当我们从起源上对文学加以研究的时候,我们就会发现,文学作品的产生,从本质上说,完全是出于伦理道德的需要。古今中外发现的最早文本,都与记载宗教祭祀仪式的活动有关。在那些古老的极其简略的文字记载中,如我国殷商时代留在龟甲兽骨上的卜辞,就包含内容丰富的故事文本。这些记录宗教祭祀活动的古老文献,就是文学的最早的源头。这些文献的基本功用,就是教诲,并为其他人或后来者提供范例,建立规范,让后来者有例可援,有法可依,形成体制。一直到后来,文学始终保持着这一基本功用,如荷马的史诗,希腊的戏剧,莎士比亚的作品,弥尔顿的诗歌,18至19世纪的英国小说等,都显示出文学教诲的本质特点。文学的历史告诉我们,文学产生的目的就在于伦理表达的需要,文学的功能就是教诲,而文学的审美功能则只是文学教诲功能的衍生物,是为教诲功能服务的。文学缺失了教诲动能,即伦理价值,文学的审美价值则无法存在。文学价值的大小在于其所发挥的教诲功能的大小。作为文学经典,其教诲的功能都能够得到充分体现;反之,文学就难以成为经典。这就是说,文学经典的价值在于其伦理价值,其艺术审美只是伦理价值的一种延伸,或是实现其伦理价值的形式或途径。因此,文学能否成为经典是由其伦理价值决定的。

(摘编自聂珍钊《史学经典的阅读、阐释和价值发现》)

同类题2

阅读理解

    When was the last time you told someone they inspire you to go to work each morning?

    Teachers at Oak Park High School in Kansas City, Missouri, did just that this September, when they pulled individual students out of class to tell them just how much they appreciated them.

    The students' reactions, which were captured (捕捉) on video and shared on YouTube in a now-viral video, ranged from shy thanks to hugs and tears.

    “I have been challenged to find a student who makes me want to come to school every day,” says one teacher in the video, “and that's you.”

    Jamie McSparin, a teacher in charge of the school's academy program for at-risk sophomores (二年级学生)and juniors, posed the challenge, writes ABC News.

    “Initially when we pulled the kids out, they all thought they were in trouble,” McSparin told ABC News. “Any teacher-student interaction always seems to be negative (消极的), and that was something that bothered me, too. No matter if they're a good kid or a trouble maker or anything, they always thought they were in trouble,” she says.

    McSparin says she got the idea for the project after attending a professional development workshop this summer called the power of positivity.

    “I like the idea of letting students know they are appreciated, because we do appreciate them, I just don't think we say it enough,” she told local news outlet WDAF-TV.

    It's safe to say the challenge was effective.

    “I feel special,” said one of the boys in the video. “You should,” said his teacher. “You are special.”