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阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。

材料一:

    进入二十一世纪以来,我国城镇化发展进入加速阶段,社会经济中的城市群体化现象越来越显著,城市群的作用也越来越大。中国传统的省域经济,正在向城市群经济转变。城市群是中国未来经济发展格局中最具潜力的核心地区。

    区域经济发展的质量是由区域内各城市、各要素的融合程度决定的。融合是指在高水平上的城市协调关系和要素合理配置,是通过集聚和扩散实现的。世界三大著名的大湾区城市群,起步于得天独厚的区位条件,港口、公路和机场等基础设施优先发展;同时,产业、资本和市场集聚。

    通过对长三角、粤港澳、京津冀、长江中游、成渝、海西、山东半岛七个城市群的人口、土地、经济概况进行分析,可以发现:近五年人口净流入最多的城市群为长三角城市群,人口吸引力比较高,尤其是“211”、“985”名校聚集的上海、杭州、南京等城市名列前茅;人口涌入最少的则是海西城市群,即使核心城市福州和厦门,城市竞争力也稍弱。从土地占比和地区生产总值占比来看,粤港澳的地均产出最高,是第二名长三角城市群地均产值的二倍之多;地均产出最低的城市群为成渝城市群,仅占粤港澳城市群的1/7。

材料二:

    京津冀城市群的城镇化水平为62.72%,城镇体系趋于完善中,基础设施较为完善,基本判别其现在处于趋于成熟阶段;长三角城市群城镇化水平为68.47%,城镇密度区域较稳定,同时基础设施水平也是所有城市群中最完善的,属于内涵式增长阶段,基本判别其处于成熟发展阶段;而粤港澳城市群城镇化水平高达84.41%,区域内部相对较为平衡,城市空间组织扩散高于集聚作用,城镇密度也处于相对合理的稳定状态,基本判断其处于成熟发展阶段;长江中游城市群、成渝城市群、海峡西岸城市群、山东半岛城市群由于城镇化率比较低,还处于集聚作用为主、扩散作用为辅的外延式发展阶段,处于快速发育阶段。

表1:城市群不同发展阶段特征

指标

雏形发育阶段

快速发育阶段

趋于成熟阶段

成熟发展阶段

城镇化率

30%左右

30%—50%

50%—70%

70%以上

城镇体系

不完善、城镇密度低

较为完善、城镇密度较高

完善,城镇密度继续提高

完善,城镇密度区域稳定

空间结构

松散、基础设施不完善

较紧密、基础设施较完善

紧密、基础设施完善

最紧密、基础设施相当完善

空间作用

集聚作用占绝对优势

集聚为主,扩散为辅

集聚与扩散相对平衡

扩散作用略占优势

城市分工

分工系统还未形成

分工体系开始形成

分工体系相对合理

分工体系完善

增长路径

外延式增长

外延式为主、内涵式为辅

内涵式为主、外延式为辅

内涵式增长

材料三:表2:七大城市群空间组织结构

城市群名称

城市首位度

经济首位度

核心城市集中度

城市群空间结构

长三角城市群

2.28

1.73

56.6%

多中心结构,相对较均衡

粤港澳城市群

1.19

1.03

57.2%

双中心,相对均衡

京津冀城市群

1.4

1.39

64.2%

三中心,不均衡

长江中游城市群

1.43

1.28

40.4%

三中心,不均衡

海西城市群

1.94

1.62

24.4%

双中心,不均衡

成渝城市群

2.06

1.46

60.4%

双中心,不均衡

山东半岛城市群

1.28

1.52

26.5%

双中心,不均衡

注:城市首位度:城市发展要素在最大城市的集中程度。

经济首位度越高,说明该城市在这个地区的经济实力、地位越高。

材料四:

①增长极开发模式  ②点轴式开发模式    ③点轴群开发模式    ④网络开发模式

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同类题5

下面文章中有5个段落需要添加首句。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出适合各段落的首句。选项中有一项是多余选项。

A. Be a good listener.  B. Care about the details.

C. Strike up a conversation. D. Make time for friendships.

E. Reach out to the newcomers.    F. Avoid causing inconveniences

    Develop Better Relationships with Neighbors

    Good neighbors are a lot like electricity or running water:we don't know how much we depend on them until we don't have them. They make our lives more pleasant and give us a sense of who we wrte, both as an individual and as a member of the community. Here is how to develop your relationships with these very important people in your life.

    ____ Often neighbors don't even know each other's names. But it's okay to be the one to break the ice , even if you've lived next door for years.Most neighbors enjoy making small talk with the folks on the other side of the fence. So as you see them at work in their yards, smile, wave, and say hello. Ask how their kids are (whether they're babies or in college), whether they could use an extra cucumber from your garden, or what they think of the price at the local supermarket.

    ____ These days, the old Welcome Wagon is a thing of the past. But your new neighbors may be feeling lonely and unsure, especially if they're far from home, and might appreciate a friendly face bearing fresh-baked chocolate cakes. If they have kids, tell them where the children in the neighborhood live. Recommend the best places to eat and sleep. Invite them over for coffee or tea when they get settled, give them your number, and point to your house as you say good-bye.

    ____ Return anything that you borrow from a neighbor, such as tools, in good repair and as soon as you've finished with them. Replace anything that belongs to your neighbor that you, your children, or your pets break or soil. Make sure that your car is not blocking their doorway. Such random acts of consideration will have your neighbors talking—and the talk will be good.

    ____ If you value a friendship with your neighbors, spend time with them. What better way to meet your neighbors than to invite them to an informal barbecue, pool party, or holiday open house? Better yet, you might even consider throwing a get-together in their honor. Deliver the invitations in person to everyone who lives on your street and chat with each for five minutes before moving on to the next house. This way, you will get an idea of what your neighbors are like so that you can plan for appropriate food and music.

    ____ In a good relationship, it's really the little things that count. Help to bring in the mail for the elderly neighbor when there is a heavy rain. When your neighbor gorgets to take in his rubbish cans, roll them back into his yard. If you're truly concerned, you'll know when your neighbor needs some cheering up—a bunch of flowers or a helping hand when it's needed. All it takes to develop your relationship with neighbors is the respect for their feelings.