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问题探究题:
19世纪中后期的日本,曾和中国一样,有相同的经历以及相同的命运,但是日本很快崛起为一个强大的资本主义国家。近期,日本加紧对钓鱼岛的争夺、领导人参拜靖国神社、炒作我国东海防空识别区等等,都表明日本右翼势力在膨胀,军国主义在复活。
(1)19世纪中后期日本的崛起和近期复活的军国主义都与哪次改革有关?
(2)在这次改革中,日本在经济和社会生活两方面有哪些改变?
(3)中国该如何应对日本的军国主义复活?
(4)日本古代史上还有一次改革,这两次改革产生的共同影响是什么? 日本的这两次改革,有哪些经验值得我们借鉴?

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答案(点此获取答案解析)

(1)明治维新
(2)经济上,允许土地买卖,引进西方先进技术,鼓励发展近代工业;社会生活方面,提倡“文明开化”,即向欧美学习,努力发展教育 。
(3)中国应积极进行改革开放,稳步发展经济;努力发展教育和科学技术;学习和引进先进科学技术;和平对话,反对战争,但也要做好应对战争的充分准备。
(4)都改变了日本的社会性质,都促进了日本的发展 。借鉴的经验:加大对外开放的力度,积极引进国外资金,先进的技术;大力发展教育,努力培养人才,实施科教兴国和人才强国的战略 。

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    IPhone owners are vainer(虚荣)and spend more on clothes and grooming(仪容)than those who have BlackBerrys and Android phones, new research claims.BlackBerry owners earn the most and are more likely to have long-term relationships, while people with Android handsets are most creative and the best cooks.

    The study, carried out by TalkTalk Mobile, surveyed 2,000 owners of the three major smartphone brands to determine whether the choice of handset was an extension(延伸) of their personality. The study rated users in various walks of life using a point scoring system including personalities, daily habits and the type of industries they work in.

    Other results from the study found that people with an iPhone are more image conscious and generally consider themselves more attractive than those with other handsets. They are most likely to describe themselves as adventurous, bright and are most likely to work in media, publishing and education. They also believe their boss rates them highly. Apple owners also tend to have done more travelling and are the most active on social media sites.

    BlackBerry owners were found to be the least punctual(准时的), but despite putting in the least hours at work they are the most active phone user—sending more texts and making more calls in the average day than any other phone user. They are more social and have more friends overall. They also earn nearly two and a half thousand pounds a year more than other smartphone owners, with an average salary of $27,406. BlackBerry users classed themselves so loud and mainly work in the health, finance or property sectors. They were also found to drink more tea and coffee each day than any other phone user.

    Android owners were found to watch more TV than others and drink the most alcohol—consuming more in an average week than iPhone and BlackBerry drinkers. They have the most jobs in engineering, the government and public services and environmental services. They have the best manners and are more shy and relaxed than their counterparts.

    Dan Meader, Director of Mobile at TalkTalk, said,“Many of us have our mobile phones on us almost constantly so they do become an extension of us in many ways. It's interesting to see then how the choice in handset may reflect different aspects of personality and the results do show some unusual difference