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阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。

守住传统文化的精气神

    人们说,老物件儿是有灵气的。因为手艺人把双手的温度、沉淀的时间、行事的规矩,统统给了它们。然而,现在不少“手工艺品”,经过流水线加工、规模化生产、简单性复制,看起来东西还是那个东西,作用还是那个作用,却很难承载起“很家乡”“很传 统”“很中国”的那股子精气神了。

    前不久在湖北仙桃举办的“中国民间文化艺术之乡”剪纸交流研讨会上,剪纸艺人、专家学者表达了自己的担忧:“一把刻刀十年功”的技艺正被机器扰乱节奏;对生活的琢磨正在被投机取巧的速成法挑战;对好材料的坚守正在被新工艺猛烈冲击;“北方重浑厚、粗犷,南方尚灵秀、精美”的异彩纷呈也正在被渐渐同化。

    诚然,文化产品既然走入了市场经济大潮,就必然逃不开市场规律的制约,生产效率、材料革命是大势所趋。但是,工业化和商业化并不意味着粗制滥造,更不意味着放弃对艺术品质的坚守。

    今年91岁的工艺美术师陈由明,曾创作了驰名中外的沔阳雕花剪纸《八仙图》,60多年来,他一直创作不息、佳作频出。谈到创作诀窍,陈老说:“我要搞出一个作品,就是吃饭也在想,睡觉也在思考。现在的好多东西,功夫不到,火候差得远呐。只想着赚钱,没有心心念念、反复推敲,哪里出得来好作品呢?”

    的确,一味追求生产速度和经济效益,必然伤害到以传统手工艺为代表的非物质文化遗产及传统文化样式的传承和发展。试想,如若数千年文明沉淀下来的传统审美和文化追求遭到蚕食,历史将会何等唏嘘嗟叹?

    话说回来,坚守古法、传承古意并不意味着泥古不化,而是在保留传统底色、坚持文化特色的同时,顺应历史规律、结合新的生活方式,对传统文化进行创造性的转化和创新性发展,从而将经济效益和文化价值统一起来。比如,20世纪50年代,陈由明整理创作的剪纸《八仙图》风靡欧洲,出口近5万套。而现在非遗传承人的作品,愈发成为市场上的香饽饽。又比如,从天津泥人张彩色泥塑、杨柳青年画、河北蔚县剪纸等传统文化中获取创作灵感和素材,赋予了“中国梦·梦系列”公益广告更强的生命力和吸引力。再比如,北京国际设计周、北京创客盛会,都将目光瞄准非遗来挖掘素材和灵感,为“科技+”在传统文化中寻找创新源泉。

    祛除浮躁、回归本原的传承和创新须多措并举。应当加大宣传普及,让生活于其中的人了解、体验、欣赏自己的文化,养成文化自觉、文化自信;在此基础上,鼓励基于本土文化的创意,让更多的人知晓它的价值。同时,还应合理融入时代元素,不割裂传统与现代的精神纽带,让传统文化焕发现代光芒,以文化品质赢得市场青睐。

《人民日报》(2015年11月05日17版)

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阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。

       When the weather turns warm, everyone wants to be in or around the water. Hanging out at the pool or the beach on a hot day is a great way to beat the heat.

       Most people don't think much about water 1—but they should. For people between the ages of 5 and 24, drowning is the second  2 cause of accidental death.

       It doesn't have to be that way,  3.By knowing how to stay safe and following a few simple guidelines, most water related accidents can be  4.

       It's a good idea to swim only in places that are watched over by a lifeguard. 5  can predict changing ocean currents, sudden storms, or other  6  dangers. In the event that something does go wrong, lifeguards are trained in  7  techniques.

       Swimming in an  8 body of water(like a river, lake, or ocean) is different from swimming in a pool. You need more  9 to handle the currents and other changing conditions in the open water.

       If you do find yourself  10  in a current, don't panic and don't fight the current. Try to swim parallel(平行) to the shore until you are able to  11  the current, which is usually a narrow channel of water.  12  try to make your way back to shore as you do so. If you're  13  to swim away from the current, stay calm and 14 with the current. The current will usually  15,then you can swim to shore.

       16  a very good swimmer who tries to swim against a strong current will get worn out. If you're going to  17  in open water, better take lessons that provide you with tips on  18  unexpected dangers.

       Some areas with extremely strong currents are  19 limits when it comes to swimming. Do your research so you know 20  not to swim, and pay attention to any warning signs posted in the area.