①开始于希腊

②要求以人为中心，而不是以神为中心

③但丁被誉为文艺复兴时期的最初一位诗人

④推动了欧洲文化思想领域的繁荣，为欧洲资本主义社会的产生奠定了思想文化基础

阅读下文，完成下列各题。

低头是一种智慧

       ①雪松懂得低头，能够造就一片山坡的翠绿；海鸥懂得低头，可以忍受狂风暴雨的冲击。学会低走，懂得屈伸自如，生活会给我们意想不到的惊喜。雪松懂得低头，能够造就一片山头的翠绿；海鸥懂得低头，可以忍受狂风暴雨的冲击。所谓“大丈夫能屈能伸”，只有我们学会低头，懂得伸屈，生命中才总会有绝处逢生的惊喜。

       ②四面楚歌中，当那寒光闪闪的长剑划过虞姬那白皙的脖颈，留下一抹鲜艳的红色时，你只剩吟唱那“力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮骓不逝”的无可奈何；你只会长啸“此天亡我，非战之过也”的末路悲声。面对滚滚的乌江水，昔时勇猛盖世的西楚霸王，如今却为何落得个自刎的下场？虽有李清照歌颂你：“生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。”然而你可知“胜败兵家事不期，包羞忍耻是男儿”？你可知“江不东子弟多才俊，卷土重来未可知”？

       ③当时的天下，是一个群雄逐鹿的舞台。只是遗憾，你始终磨不平你那突出的棱角，始终学不会那“遇方则方，遇圆则圆”的灵动。只能惋惜，你是山，一座从不肯低头弯腰的山。这样的性格，便注定了你很难有绝处逢生的惊喜。

       ④纵然你的决定是对于尊严的维护，是对于耻辱的抗争。可若你懂得低头是一种智慧，渡过乌江，以你的才能，以你的勇敢，卷土重来，历史或许就会被改写。

       ⑤与你不同，司马迁却深谙低头的智慧。他的“苟且偷生”，他的能屈能伸，成就了中华历史上的一部伟大著作。他明白，低头是一种绝处求生的智慧，是一种可以在逆境中实现自身价值的超脱。

       ⑥即使遭受过痛苦与耻辱的双重磨难，即使在犬牙差互的黑暗隧道中踽踽独行，即使在死亡的江河中艰难求渡，他用激昂的信念将痛苦粉碎，将耻辱焚烧，升华灵魂，从此踏上了一条隐忍的路。在“每念斯耻，汗未尝不发背沾衣”的折磨中奋笔疾书，书写三闾大夫行吟江畔的忧郁，书写壮士荆轲行侠仗义的豪气，书写贪官酷吏内心蛰伏的蛇蝎，书写秦皇汉武干戈滴落的鲜血，书写盖世英雄垓下末路的悲歌……为的便是心中那永不磨灭的信念﹣﹣“究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言。”

       ⑦穿越历史的时空，我们领悟个中的智慧。重新站上现实的土地，我们要学会重新审视自己，学会低下自己高昂的头颅。这绝非懦弱和畏缩，而是经营人生的阅历与智慧，是修身处世的风度与气概，是超越自身极限的信心与勇气。我们要做的，就是面对困难挫折，不乱闯硬干，不讳疾忌医，坦然接受，从头再来。即便痛苦，但痛苦又何尝不是上天赐予我们换个视角看世界的机会呢？

       ⑧无所谓风雨兼程，只要有“低头”的睿智，就可以呵护好你的梦。人生如一泓水，温存而灵动。学会低头，懂得屈伸自如，这种智慧会让我们在困境中得到柳暗花明的转机!

（有删改）

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1).每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2).只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    It doesn't matter to fail as long as you don't give up. To my opinion, it is hard to be successful. Challenges were a necessary part of your life as you grow up. And you won't necessary succeed in everything for the first time you try. That's okay. Some of the most successful people in the world are the one who've had the most failures. J. K. Rowling, wrote Harry Potter, had her first Harry Potter book reject 12 times before it was finally published. Michael Jordan was removed his high school basketball team. He lost hundreds of games and miss thousands of shots during his career. But he once said, “I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that's because I succeed.”

阅读理解

    At a talk to some businessmen earlier today, one fellow asked me, “Would you give money to a homeless person, even when you know he's going to use it to buy alcohol?” I replied, “If all was giving was money, it'll be one thing. But for me, whenever I do give money, that's just the wrapping (包装纸) . The real gift is hidden inside – it's love. And l haven't ever found any reason to limit gifts of love.”

    By the end of the night, I decided to get some pizza. In front of me in line was a homeless-looking man. He was counting the few dollar bills in his hand, over and over again, until it was his turn to order. Just then, he told the young woman behind the counter, “I'll have the full cheese pizza.” “Full?” she countered. “It's really big.” she added, although what she really meant to say is that it'll be too expensive for him. “Yeah, the full.” “$18.65,” she submitted. The bills he was counting weren't going to make it. I wasn't intending to get the whole pizza for him. But thinking back to my conversation with the business man, l realized that money was really just the wrapping.

    I made my move. “Can you charge that pizza with my order?” I said to the cashier. “Really?” the homeless-looking man said. “Really?” the young woman behind the counter repeated. “Yes, really.” That disheveled (凌乱的) man and I had a sweet silent moment. To his silent question of why I was doing it, I added, “Just pay it forward for someone else.” And he said, “Well, you know what? I was actually treating these five homeless guys out there.” He was actually paying it forward, in the first place. What an unexpected fortune to get a chance to be a part of a man's act of kindness.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案，并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。