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    Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drive-through window of a local cafe, he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him. He also asks the restaurant workers to tell the customer to have a great day, in case they're not already having one.

    Oliver has never made a big deal out of his own generous actions until a letter was published by a news website in November. He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfast —he had saved a life.

    According to the website, someone had written a letter stating that on July 18th, he was planning on committing suicide. The writer said that while he was at the drive-through window, he was planning on going home, writing a note and ending his life. When he went to pay for his coffee and muffin, however, the cashier told him that the man in the SUV in front of him had picked up the tab and told him to have a great day.

    “I wondered why someone would buy coffee for a stranger for no reason,” said the writer. “Why me? Why today? If I were a religious man, I would take this as a sign. This random act of kindness was directed at me on this day for a purpose.”

    When the writer arrived home, he couldn't hold back his tears and started to think about the simple good deed that had affected him so deeply. “I decided at that moment to change my plans for the day and do something nice for someone. I ended up helping a neighbor take groceries out of her car and into the house.”

    The writer says that in the months following that fateful event, he does at least one kind thing for others every day. “To the nice man in the SUV, thank you from the bottom of my heart. Please know your kind gesture has truly saved a life,” he said. “On July 18, 2017, I had the greatest day.”

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数字时代,我们的大脑被改变了

    ①我们知道,人类的大脑是可塑的,当人类生活方式改变时,大脑也可能发生变化。从远古人类首次发现如何使用工具开始,人类的大脑就受到迅速而明显的影响。数字时代,我们的生活方式发生了巨大的变化。当我们每天离不开网络、离不开手机时,我们的大脑是否也被改变了?

    ②科学家认为,对网络科技的深度依赖,改变了人类的思维方式。这在阅读时表现得最为明显。对书籍的深阅读与在网页上那种为了获取信息而进行的浅阅读是不一样的。美国技术专家尼古拉斯•卡尔在《网络也有黑暗一面》一书中写道:“过去几年中,我一直有一种不舒服的感觉,觉得某些人或某些东西正在改变我的大脑,我目前的思考方式与过去相比已经截然不同,当我阅读时,能最为强烈地感觉到这一点。持久地阅读一本书或一篇长文,曾经易如反掌,我曾耗费数个小时徜徉在长长的文字里,我的大脑能够抓住叙述的演进或论点的转折,从而进行思考。但如今不再如此,往往阅读两三页后我的注意力就开始漂移了,我感觉我一直在试图将自己任性的大脑拽回到书本。”

    ③对书籍的深阅读需要耐心,而数字阅读堪称“耐心杀手”。以微博为例,浏览一个微博页面只要几分钟,眼睛在每条微博上停留的时间只有几秒。不断地扫视、浏览、搜寻感兴趣的关键词、点击阅读——这个过程因为信息的丰富、多样而足够刺激,但显然不足以锻炼耐心。一本优秀的图书通常是有内在的逻辑框架的,只有进入这一逻辑框架,才能说是阅读。而网络内容特别是微博这样的社交媒体每一条都互不关联,跳跃性的阅读当然谈不上逻辑了。互联网在给人们提供信息盛宴的同时,也使我们的思维“碎片化”。

    ④数字时代,人类的大脑结构也被改变了。由于互联网和智能手机已经渗入到日常生活中,人们对触摸屏情有独钟。一些人因为在智能手机上面频繁敲敲打打而被戏称为“拇指族”。但是,就是这样一种看似简单的重复运动却在不断塑造着人们的大脑。在一项实验中,瑞士苏黎世大学神经科学家邀请37位手机重度用户参与实验,其中26人用智能触屏手机,11人用普通按键手机。他们将电极连接在这些参与者头部,测试他们的拇指、食指和中指在使用手机时,大脑皮层的反应。科学家记录下这些参与者10天的活动。结果显示,大脑皮层中拇指控制相关区域活跃度更高的是用触屏手机的人,而使用按键手机的则没有明显变化。使用触屏手机的次数越多,大脑皮层相应区域更加活跃。在数字时代长大的“数字原住民”,因长时间用拇指上网和操控智能手机,从而改变了大脑形成神经通路的方式。

    ⑤数字时代,人们更加善于利用社交网络与人交往,但在现实生活中与人交往的能力却越来越弱。多动症、自闭症、抑郁症、躁动症和多任务癖好等现代疾病,与过度上网和玩视频游戏等有着密切的关系。