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    One day, at night, a thief tried crawling (爬行) into a farmer couple's house. In the house lived many mice. The woman in the moonlight saw a mouse crawl into the house. “Look! In comes one.” She said to the man in the house. The thief was so frightened that he hurriedly crawled out of the house and said to the one waiting outside, “She found me when I was just in.” But the thief outside didn't believe him, so he said, “Let us two try to crawl into the house together.” At that time two mice happened to crawl into the house, too. The woman saw the mice and shouted, “In come two, catch them!” The two thieves were terribly frightened. The man in the house said, “You saw them come in but where are they? I will catch them tonight” The two thieves started running away at once.

    The two thieves wanted to make it clear whether they had been found or not the night before. The next day they acted as men selling sweet potatoes and came before the house. The man and the woman were working in their fields. The rein (缰绳) broke and the woman came home for a new one. She saw two men selling sweet potatoes and wanted to buy some. She picked out two which looked like mice. At the time the man couldn't wait for her any longer in the fields and he ran back from the fields to hurry her up. The woman showed the sweet potatoes to the man and said, “How they look like the two of last night!” The man said, “I asked you to fetch a rein, why don't you hurry for it?” The two thieves ran away quickly without their sweet potatoes.

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人工智能2.0

    ①“人工智能AI”2017年首次被写入政府工作报告:“加快培育壮大新兴产业,全面实施战略性新兴产业发展规划,加快心态料人工智能、集成电路、生物制药、第五代移动通信等技术研发和转化,做大做强产业集群。”

    ②中国工程院院士、计算机应用专家潘云鹤说,AI当前正处在转折之际,其技术会升级换代。它将通过跨媒体和各种无人技术更紧密的融入人类生活;通过人机会和混合增强智能,成为我们身体的一部分;通过大数据和群体智能,拓展、管理和重组人类的知识,为经济和社会的发展提供建议,在越来越多专门领域的博弈、识别、控制和预测中达到甚至超过人类的能力。“因此,我们将这样的人工智能成为AI2.0。

    ③“30年后的AI2.0必将成为巨人,但是它会在哪些方面展示它与众不同的威力呢?”

    ④在潘云鹤的构想中,到那个时候,大数据智能的研,已经可以为经济智能化运行提供强大的工具,帮助政府和企业从宏观、中观、微观等角度预测经济和市场的走向,前瞻性的创造新产品,进行新投资,确定新政策,从而避免如次贷危机、金融危机等全球性风险,以及产能过剩、库存畸高等问题。市场经济和政府调控相结合的科学基础,使人类经济的运行进入更高水平。

    ⑤对于人类最关心的话题之一——AI2.0对人类健康将产生怎样的影响?潘云鹤料想,“AI用于预防医药,已进入发力阶段”。

    ⑥近年来涌现的各种大型医疗仪器、小型穿戴式设备、大量生理传感器和海量的数字化病力,源源不断地生成人体健康的大数据。将这些大数据汇和分析、学习和提取,就可以预测人体健康的走向和生病的可能。在未来,借助人工智能,高血压、糖尿病、癌症、阿尔茨海默病等疾病,或许能得到预防或者阻断。

    ⑦另一个关于AI的梦想是:人脑和电脑联通。

    ⑧潘云鹤说,人脑和电脑如能直接联合工作,就会形成“脑机混合”增强智能。如果一个学生能轻而易举的记住《新华字典》、唐诗宋词、《古文观止》、四书五经、中国通史、英汉词典、世界地理、中外法律……可以想象,我们的教育,会因此产生怎么样的改变。

    ⑨AI的能力似乎无可估量。可以想象人类未来与AI共存的种种图景:

    ⑩当你在街上碰到陌生人时,系统会产生并处理数据,通过AI程序就能知道你和他的印象如何。

    ⑪在医院里,AI分析X光片的水准,比人类医生还要棒,这些智能机器还可以用于癌症等疾病的到期检查,甚至你上不知晓的情况下采取防治措施。

    ⑫一场彻头彻尾的人工智能革命,真切的出现在我们面前。以色列历史学家尤瓦尔•赫拉利做出预测:未来,大量的工作岗位将被智能机器取代,数十亿人将成为“无用阶层”,社会被少数精英阶层掌控。

    ⑬于是一个关于AI的终极恐惧,进入人类的集体思想——AI会控制人类吗?

(节选自《读者》有删减)