为说明100J的能量有多大，小明做出以下解释，其中正确的是（　　）

秦代焚书禁学和汉代独尊儒术采用的手段大相径庭，秦代重在“禁”，汉代重在“尊”，但两者反映的本质问题是相同的，即（   ）

    Have you ever heard an echo of your voice?
    An echo is a reflected(反射)sound. Stand in a very large, empty hall with nothing on the walls. Then shout. The sounds you make will hit the walls and come back to you. The walls reflect the sounds. These reflected sounds are called “echoes”.
    We can use reflected sound to make sound travel farther. Hold a watch about fifty centimeters from your ear. You cannot hear it. The sound of the watch travels a short way in all directions. It does not travel as far as your ear. You can make it travel to your ear by using a roll of cardboard(纸板筒).
    Make the roll of cardboard about fifty centimeters long. Put one end over your ear and hold the watch at the other. Now you can hear the watch because the sound has not gone in all directions. It is reflected down the roll to your ear.
    A megaphone(喇叭筒)works in the same way. It makes sound travel farther. It reflects the sound into a beam which can travel a long way. In the ship, the sailor uses the megaphone to make his voice travel. Without the megaphone, his voice cannot travel far.
    We use reflected sound in many ways. We use it to measure the depth of the sea, for example. Among the animals, bats and whales use reflected sound to tell them where they are and what things are near them.

HIV属于逆转录病毒，是艾滋病的病原体．回答下列问题：

（1）用基因工程方法制备HIV的某蛋白（目的蛋白）时，可先提取HIV中的____ ，以其作为模板，在____ 的作用下合成____ ．获取该目的蛋白的基因，构建重组表达载体，随后导入受体细胞．

（2）从受体细胞中分离纯化出目的蛋白，该蛋白作为抗原注入机体后，刺激机体产生的可与此蛋白结合的相应分泌蛋白是____ ．该分泌蛋白可用于检测受试者血清中的HIV，检测的原理是____ ．

（3）科学家利用人绒毛膜促性腺激素的单克隆抗体，制作出了早早孕试纸．要获得人绒毛膜促性腺激素的单克隆抗体，需要先将____ 注射到小鼠体内，培养一段时间之后，将从小鼠的脾脏中提取出的____ 和小鼠的骨髓瘤细胞融合，获得____