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    Perhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture, make marketing plans, and run your business by local laws.

    ____ The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners. Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their country's culture and language.

    The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and always look at the person in the eye. In social meetings with friends, kissing is common.

    Use first names only after being invited to.____The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.

    Dress well.____ Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status. Always try to be tasteful and stylish. Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly. Wearing make-up is practiced widely by businesswomen.

    The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours.____

    Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate.____This may suggest that you find the food tasteless. If eating in a restaurant with the person who invites always pays.

A. Remember to be as polite as possible.

B. This is a time for relationship building.

C. Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname.

D. Be careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food.

E. Make an appointment with your business partner in advance.

F. The French draw information about people based on their appearance.

G. Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.

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G,C,F,B,D

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体育大国为何难见体育电影

杨洪涛

    与中国蓬勃发展的体育事业相比,国产体育电影总量欠奉,佳作稀缺,类型不成熟,经典体育电影寥寥无几。问题何在?

    体育精神包含更快、更高、更强的运动哲学,以及团结、协作、平等、进取、包容的价值理念。凡是被观众铭记的体育电影,都对体育精神有独到理解。比如《烈火战车》《一球成名》等电影用传奇故事和魅力人物诠释了超越国界、信仰和种族的体育精神。吃透体育精神,平衡自我价值与国家荣誉之间的关系,是体育电影实现既接地气又有情怀的关键点。一些国产体育电影难以在更广泛的范围内引起观众的心灵共鸣,一个重要原因就是将体育精神过多地绑定在功利的思考之上。比如,早期的作品《沙鸥》,虽然当时反响热烈,但当排球女将沙鸥输了比赛,把银牌丢入大海的时候,创作者就曲解了体育精神的内涵。相比之下,《洛奇》和《百万美元宝贝》里的拳击手都惜败于拳坛,他们作为小人物为获得尊严、实现梦想而在奋勇拼搏过程中所闪烁的人性之光却辉耀荧屏。因此,如何用含蓄、内敛的方式把国家责任和集体荣誉等价值理念融入运动美感的彰显和体育精神的诠释当中,是国产体育电影亟待解决的问题。

    实现故事与赛事的有机结合,让叙事呈现复调式结构,是体育电影的制胜之道。如果把赛事当作唯一叙事动力,虚构的赛事远不及真实的体育比赛吸引观众。反之,如果把赛事之外的故事作为叙事主力,则容易偏离体育电影应有的竞技主题。优秀体育电影应在故事和赛事两方面都拿捏得当。比如,《一个人的奥林匹克》《黑眼睛》通过赛事来结构叙事,通过人物命运来观照社会、时代和人性,把体育竞技与战争、信仰、性别歧视、种族之争等重大社会命题绑定在一起,实现了主题的升华。

    体育电影在视觉表达和人物塑造时,还存在如何将表演与竞技融合的创作难点。在赛车、滑雪等高强度竞技体育电影中,创作者要借鉴专业体育摄影的镜头捕捉和画面剪辑手法,力图展现动与静、力与美的运动美学。演员的自我塑型也是令体育电影真实可信的重要保证。如《破风》里窦骁、王珞丹等演员通过专业训练去贴近自行车运动员的外形。体育电影创作切忌一味追求颜值和明星效应。

    总之,国产体育电影创作的缺位,是制作观念相对陈旧、创作视野急需拓展等多种因素共同作用的结果。

(选自《光明日报》,有删改)