如图是使用简单机械匀速提升同一物体的四种方式（不计机械自重和摩擦），其中所需动力最小的是（　　）

科技的发展推动了人类社会的发展，科技与大国的兴衰有着密切的联系。阅读下列材料，结合所学知识回答下列问题。

材料一：

材料二：主要资本主义国家占世界工业生产总值的比重

材料三：（美国）仅1865年至1900年，被正式批准登记的发明专利就达到了64万多种……为促进科学和实用技艺的普及，对作家和发明家的著作和发明，在一定期限内给予专利权的保障……美国人第一次把专利权写入了宪法，用国家的根本大法来保护发明创造。

──摘自《大国崛起》解说词

 Captain James Cook was a famous English explorer(探险者). He was the first European to visit many Pacific islands. He put these islands on maps around the world.

 James Cook was born in1728. His parents were poor farm workers. James started to work on ships as a sailor when he was eighteen. When he was twenty-seven, he went into the navy(舰队). He fought a war in Canada and made maps of some of the eastern coast there.

 In1768, the King of England sent him to explore the Pacific Ocean. Cook spent three years on that trip. He went to the Pacific again in 1772 and made maps of the coasts of Australia and New Zealand.

 He began his third trip in 1776. This time he went to the North Pacific and made maps of the west coast of North America. When he finished making maps there, he went to Hawaii. Then the sailors and the Hawaiians  started fighting and some Hawaiians killed Captain Cook.

 Captain Cook took gifts to the Pacific Islander·. He gave them cattle, sheep, goats and new plants. He was a very good leader of his men.  When Captain Cook died, the world 1ost one of the greatest explorers in history.

 Judge the following sentences true( T) or false( F) according to the passage.